Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of social capital,perceived professional benefits and work alienation among nurses and to analyze the impact of social capital and perceived professional benefits on nurses work alienation. Methods A total of 3 684 nurses in five large three level hospital in Zhejiang by convenient sampling was selected to get the scores of the questionnaire by general situation questionnaire,the Chinese workplace social capital scale,and the questionnaire of Nurses'perceived professional benefits and nurses'work alienation.A database of survey questionnaire was established with SPSS 12.0 software which was used for date management and analysis,and then multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of nurses'work alienation. Results ①The score of social capital was 25.79±5.12,the score of professional benefits was 122.45±13.55 and the score of work alienation was 43.69±8.62;②The work alienation was in negative correlation with social capital and professional benefits,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);③Professional titles,incomes,social capital and professional benefits are factors account for nurses'work alienation with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion The work alienation was correlated with social capital and professional benefits.The higher the level of social capital and professional benefits in nurses,the lower the sense of work alienation,reflecting in their feeling of frustration,helplessness and meaninglessness.Nursing managers should take active and effective measures to improve the level of social capital and professional benefits in nurses,aiming to reduce the level of work alienation and to improve the job satisfaction of nurses and the quality of nursing work.