Abstract: Objective The diabetic vascular complications are closely related to inflammatory factors and oxidative stress,the aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of alprostadil on inflammatory factor and oxidative stress in diabetic patients with lower extremity vascular disease. Methods We collected 140 diabetic patients with lower extremity vascular disease,and assigned them into treatment group and control group according to random number method.The control group received routine treatment,while the treatment group received additional alprostadil on the basis of conventional therapy.The ankle-brachial index (ABI),clinical symptom score,cytokines and oxidative stress levels before and after treatment in both groups were measured. Results Before the treatment,the difference of ABI,clinical symptom score,cytokines and oxidative stress levels of the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).After the treatment,ABI and superoxide dismutase in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05),the clinical symptom score,8-epi-PGF2α and ox-LDL levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05),there was no significant difference in IL-10,IL-6 and TNF-α levels between the two groups (P>0.05).After the treatment,ABI and superoxide dismutase levels in the treatment group were higher than those before the treatment (P<0.05);the clinical symptom score,8-epi-PGF2α and ox-LDL levels were lower than those before the treatment (P<0.05),the IL-10,IL-6 and TNF-α levels were not significantly different with those before the treatment (P>0.05).The difference of the above changes were not statistically significant in the control group after the treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion Alprostadil can improve the clinical symptoms and lower extremity blood flow in diabetic patients with lower extremity vascular disease,and reduce the oxidative stress,but has no obvious effect on inflammatory cytokines.