Abstract: Objective To understand vaginitis prevalence of women after menopause in a community,and to explore the influencing factors. Methods From June to September in 2014,cluster random sampling method was used to extract 670 cases of postmenopausal women in one of Pudong New Area community which was divided into 33 residents'committee.A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey while the women's vaginal secretions were detected.The questionnaire included:economic status,menopause span,the history of premenopausal and postmenopausal vaginitis. Results A total of 693 women were enrolled and 670 were eligible for analysis.The prevalence rate of vaginitis of 670 women was 39.0%,including atrophic vaginitis accounted for 208 cases (79.7%).By examining vaginal secretions,147 women were diagnosed with vaginitis (21.9%).The attack rate of vaginitis among the women who had history of postmenopausal vaginitis was 29.89%,while the rate of vaginitis among the women without history of postmenopausal vaginitis was 16.87%.There were no significant differences in prevalence rates of vaginitis between the women with different academic education,medical insurance,family income status,menopause span (χ²=2.126,P=0.547;χ²=1.916,P=0.590;χ²=2.010,P=0.366;χ²=0.062,P=5.573).The women who once suffered from vaginitis in her premenopause and postmenopause had higher risk of suffering from vaginitis than those who had no history of vaginitis.There's significant difference in both prevalence rate and attack rate (χ²=45.223,P<0.001;χ²=15.757,P<0.001). Conclusion The atrophy vaginitis is the disorder that most commonly occurs in postmenopausal women in the community.Health care providers of the community should help the postmenopausal women who suffered from the vaginitis,especially the atrophic vaginitis,to promote the life quality and to give treatment options by giving health education,suitable treatment and regular follow-up.