Abstract: Objective To compare the effectiveness of home maintenance and hospital maintenance of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line in outpatients and evaluate the feasibility of maintenance in the home. Methods We searched Cochrane Library, Pub Med, Embase, CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wanfang database by computer to collect clinical controlled trials that were published at home and abroad before August 2016 on the effectiveness of home maintenance and hospital maintenance in patients with PICC. Stata 12 software was used for Meta-analysis of the data. The incidence of PICC related complications was used as outcome indicator. Results A total of 15 papers were included, with a total sample size of 1374 patients, of which 730 patients in the hospital maintenance group, 644 patients in the home maintenance group. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the rate of local infection[RR=3. 82, 95% CI (2. 51-5. 83)], phlebitis[RR=5. 51, 95% CI (2. 08-14. 61)], catheter removal[RR=2. 36, 95% CI (1. 28-4. 34)], catheter blockage[RR=1. 75, 95% CI (1. 26-2. 43)] and catheter-related thrombosis[RR=3. 77, 95% CI (1. 30-10. 90)] in the home maintenance group were lower than that in the hospital maintenance group; compared with the hospital maintenance group, the rate of catheter related infection[RR=0. 93, 95% CI (0. 57-1. 53)], catheter breakage[RR=0. 58, 95% CI (0. 15-2. 27)], skin allergy[RR=1. 08, 95% CI (0. 36-3. 28)] in the home maintenance group were not statistically significant. Conclusion The current clinical research evidence suggests that the home maintenance method in outpatients with PICC cannot increase the rate of PICC related complications compared with the method of the hospital maintenance, and the home maintenance method is feasible.