Abstract: Objective To observe the expression of CXC tchemokine ligand (CXCL) 16 and CXCL6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of activities ankylosing spondylitis patient, to explore the impact of CXCL16 on lymphocyte proliferation. Methods Sixty-two cases of patients with activities ankylosing spondylitis were selected as the experimental group and 62 cases of healthy as control group in Jinhua City Chinese medicine hospital from January, 2014 to December, 2015.The levels of serum CXCL16, the level of CXCL16 mRNA and CXCL6 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and the culture supernatant RANKL levels were detected. Results The serum CXCL16 level[(2. 47 ±0. 97) ng/ml]of experimental group was higher than that of control group[(1. 87 ±0. 64) ng/ml], t=4. 375, P=0. 009. The CXCL16 mRNA and CXCL6 mRNA relative expression (0. 063 ±0. 004, 0. 047 ±0. 008) of experimental group were higher than that of control group (0. 034 ±0. 003, 0. 020 ±0. 005), t=5. 274, 6. 252, P=0. 003, P < 0. 001.In the role of recombinant CXCL16 protein, the lymphocyte proliferation rate[(169. 23 ±34. 26)%] and the optical density value (0. 038 ±0. 002) of the experimental group were higher than that of control group[(116. 45 ±23. 54)%, 0. 021 ±0. 002], t=6. 847, 6. 035, P < 0. 001. The levels of lymphatic cells secrete RANKL[(1. 794 ±0. 315) pmol/L]of experimental group was higher than that of control group (0. 957 ±0. 264 pmol/L), t=5. 264, P=0. 002. The lymphocyte p-ERK1/2, p-Raf-1 protein expression of CXCL16 group were higher than other three groups (P=0. 013, 0. 017, 0. 008; 0. 011, 0. 012, 0. 001). The S phase and G₂/M phase cells ratio of CXCL16 group were higher than other three groups (P=0. 021, 0. 018, 0. 009; P < 0. 001). Conclusion CXCL16 and its receptor CXCL6 may involve the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis, its mechanism may be associated with CXCL16 promoting lymphocyte proliferation.