Abstract: Objective Surgery is the main methods in the treatment of thyroid cancer, which can effectively improve the prognosis, but will also bring great negative impact to the patients. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen postoperative treatment and nursing. Cognitive behavioral therapy is in line with the modern concept of nursing method, which can change the concept and behavior of the patients and to promote health condition. This study is to investigate the compliance effects of comprehensive intervention combined cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of thyroid cancer patients after surgery. Methods We selected 130 patients with thyroid cancer after surgery treated in our hospital from February, 2011 to February, 2015, and randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group with 65 patients in each group. All patients were given oral radionuclides iodine-131 treatment, the control group received routine care during treatment, and the treatment group was given the positive cognitive behavioral therapy intervention. The nursing observation period was three months. Results The serum TT3 and TT4 values in the two group after care were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0. 05), while the serum TT3 and TT4 values in the treatment group after care were significantly higher (P < 0. 05). The recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, wound infection and other complications during care in the treatment group were significantly less than those in the control group (P < 0. 05).The compliance in the treatment group during care was significantly superior to the control group (P < 0. 05). The physical function, physiological function, social function, emotional function, mental health, bodily pain, general health, vitality and other scores after care in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Comprehensive intervention combined cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of thyroid cancer patients after surgery can improve compliance and the body's secretion balance of thyroid hormone, reduce the incidence of complications, thereby improve the quality of life of patients.