Abstract: Objective To study the expression levels of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in bone marrow supernatant and blood serum of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and to investigate the clinical significance of DKK1 in multiple myeloma. Methods Twenty cases of multiple myeloma (MM group) and 10 cases of iron deficiency anemia (control group) in our hospital between 2014 and 2015 were enrolled into this study. The expression levels of DKK1 in bone marrow supernatant and blood serum were tested by using antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). Results The level of DKK1 in the bone marrow supernatant of MM group was (8. 9 ±2. 8) ng/ml and of the control group was (1. 3 ±0. 9) ng/ml; in serum of MM group was (8. 7 ±2. 2) ng/ml and of the control group was (1. 0 ±0. 5) ng/ml, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 001). There was no significant difference between supernatant and blood serum in MM group (P > 0. 05). Conclusion The DKK1 levels of bone marrow supernatant and blood serum of patients with MM are all significantly higher than those in the control group. DKK1 secreted by myeloma cells is an important factor leading to the osteopathia in MM patients. The level of DKK1 is related to the osteolytic lesions.