Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of anal fistula resection of anal fistula on anal function and serum IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels of patients. Methods Fifty-eight cases of anal fistula in anorectal department of our hospital from May, 2011 to October, 2016 were collected, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 29 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional incision and thread drawing therapy. The experimental group was given anal fistula resection. After the end of surgery, 2 groups of patients, maintain defecate unobstructed, appropriately laxative, the experimental group used antibiotic intravenous infusion of nutrient solution (< 72 h), and control the defecation 3 days. Postoperative 7 stitches. The control group 3-4 day tight line 1 times, 11-15 day rubber band to fall off, hang float line 9-12 day to remove the line. Two groups of patients after defecate daily to be "hemorroid lotion"treatment. After the end of treatment and follow-up according to the results, compare the clinical efficacy, anus pain score, anus function score, serum levels of inflammatory factors, the incidence of recurrence and adverse reactions. Results After treatment, compared with before treatment, 2 groups of VAS, FISI were decreased (P < 0. 05), IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 decreased after treatment; compared with the control group, the total effective rate of treatment group was higher (P < 0. 05), VAS, FISI score was lower (P < 0. 05), RRP, ARP, AMCP level is low, higher ALCT (P < 0. 05), IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were lower (P < 0. 05) in 2 group the recurrence rate and the incidence of adverse events were compared, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0. 05). Conclusion The clinical efficacy of anal fistula resection in patients with anal fistula is significant, can improve the anal function, reduce serum IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels, is high safety.