Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of erythropoietin in the treatment of patients with cancer-related anemia. Methods In our hospital,from February,2012 to February,2016,80 cases of tumor associated chronic anemia patients enrolled in this study.All met the diagnostic criteria and no obvious contraindications were randomly divided into two groups according to random number table,each group of 40 cases.The control group received intravenous drip of sucrose iron in the treatment of regular treatment,while the observation group received subcutaneous injection of erythropoietin therapy on the basis of routine treatment.The blood index changes,KPS score curative effect,hematology index curative effect and adverse reaction were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment,the improvement of blood flow in the observation group was significantly better than the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate of two groups of patients after treatment KPS scale score was significantly better than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the effective rate of the observation group was 95%,the effective rate of the control group was 47.5%,the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The total adverse reactions in the observation group were 12.50%,significantly lower than the control group of 37.50%,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The total adverse reactions in the observation group were 12.50%, significantly lower than the control group of 37.50%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of anemia associated with tumor curative effect,erythropoietin has less adverse reactions,worthy of clinical application.