Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical effects of recombinant human interferon α-2b on hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) in children,and outcome assessment of the diseases caused by different viral infection. Methods A total of 150 children with severe HFMD were enrolled and randomly divided into control group and observation group with 75 cases in each group.The children in the control group received the routine antiviral therapy with intensive oral and skin care,while the children in the observation group received the routine therapy as well as recombinant human interferon α-2b dilution for topical external treatment.The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results The clinical efficiency of the observation group was superior to the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).The fever duration,deflorescence and oral herpes fading,and the length of stay were obviously shorter as compared with the control group(P<0.05);After the treatment,the levels of WBC,CRP,AST,ALT and CK-MB were all decreased,especially in the observation group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);EV71 and CA16 were more sensitive to recombinant human interferon alfa-2b than other virus in patients with HFMD(P<0.05). Conclusion The curative effect of recombinant human interferon α-2b dilution(topical external treatment or oral application) on HFMD patients is obviously.It can relieve the clinical symptoms,shorten the duration of hospital stays,improve the liver function and alleviate myocardial damage,especially in the children caused by EV71 and CA16.The anti-inflammatory effect of recombinant human interferon α-2b is dramatically,and no adverse reactions have been found.