Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density and serum estradiol,parathyroid hormone,calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in osteoporosis patients. Methods Seventy cases of osteoporosis were selected as the osteoporosis group and 70 healthy subjects were selected as control group in the First People's Hospital of Fuyang District of Hangzhou from January,2014 to December,2016.The bone mineral density of L_2-4 lumbar vertebrae and left femoral neck were measured in both groups.The serum estradiol,parathyroid hormone,calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured in both groups. Results The levels of serum parathyroid hormone in patients of the osteoporosis group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of serum estradiol,calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the osteoporosis group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density and femoral neck bone mineral density in the osteoporosis group were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae was positively correlated with serum estradiol,calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with parathyroid hormone(P<0.05).The femoral neck bone mineral density was positively correlated with serum estradiol,calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with parathyroid hormone(P<0.05). Conclusion The serum level of parathyroid hormone in patients with osteoporosis increases,the serum estradiol,calcitonin and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels decrease.The bone mineral density of osteoporosis patients is positively correlated with serum estradiol,calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D,and is negatively correlated with parathyroid hormone.