Abstract: Objective To explore multi-target joint detection in the diagnosis and classification value for myelodysplstic syndrome(MDS),and assess each experiment index preliminarily. Methods Eighty-nine MDS patients admitted in our hospital from January,2010 to December,2014 were analyzed,89 patients with bone marrow morphology and chromosome karyotype analysis;among them,44 patients were analysed by FISH,62 patients by bone marrow biopsy,and 50 patients were analysed immunophenotype by flow cytometry. Results ①Morphological features and the diagnosis coincidence rate of MDS subtypes was 59.6%(53/89),which showed significant difference between each subtypes in MDS(P<0.05);②The detection rate of R banding karyotype analysis was 67.1%(53/79),which showed no significant difference between each subtypes in MDS(P>0.05);③The detection rate by R banding karyotype analysis and FISH was 59.5%(22/37),the rate was 54.1%(20/37) only by karyotype analysis,and the rate was 48.6%(18/37) only by FISH.The coincidence rate of the two methods was 78.4%(29/37);④By bone marrow biopsy,the diagnosis coincidence rate of MDS was 72.6%(45/62);by FCM,32%(16/50) patients were detected abnormal cells;⑤The diagnosis coincidence rate of morphologic and genetic features were higher than that of single morphological features(P<0.05);and the coincidence rate of combining morphology,biopsy and genetics were higher than single morphological features(P<0.05).⑥The diagnosis coincidence rate of combining morphologic and biopsy and that of single morphology showed no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion Combined a number of measurements can obviously promote the diagnostic rate of MDS;Morphology,bone marrow pathology,cytogenetics and immunophenotype detection indexes has important application value on diagnosis and classification of MDS.