Pathogenesis and risk factors of cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an acute manifestation of ischemic heart disease (IHD), with a high risk of death. Acute myocardial infarction(AMI) is the main type of acute myocardial infarction. Cardiac rupture (CR) is a serious complication of AMI, which is difficult to predict in time and has no effective treatment. The mortality rate was very high. In this review, we summarized the prevention and treatment of CR in terms of its mechanism, clinical manifestations, relevant detection methods, risk factors and so on. Based on baseline data, biochemical indicators, clinical characteristics, blood revascularization, past history, and combined with the risk prediction model put forward by existing research, we put forward the use of age, sex, heart rate and myocardial infarction site, respectively. It was suggested that CR in patients with AMI could be predicted by hemoglobin count, leukocyte count, admission time, etc. The main risk factors are elderly women, basal heart rate >80 times/min, anterior wall myocardial infarction. Hemoglobin <120 g/L, white blood cell >10⁹/L, admission time >12 h, these indexes are more likely to cause cardiac rupture. In addition, primary PCI treatment can reduce the risk of CR, while thrombolysis may increase the risk of CR. Using risk prediction model and relevant inspection methods, we can predict the occurrence of CR timely from mechanism and source. CR is a difficult problem in clinical practice because of its sudden and high mortality. Therefore, a series of risk prediction models are established to evaluate CR, through early prediction factors. For early recognition, it is important to take preventive measures to prevent heart rupture as early as possible.