Volume 20 Issue 7
Jul.  2022
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Article Navigation >  Chinese Journal of General Practice  > 2022  >  20(7): 1207-1210
GAO Min, GAO Chang-yue. Effects and research progress of transcranial magnetic stimulation on glial cells in the central nervous system[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2022, 20(7): 1207-1210. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002559
Citation: GAO Min, GAO Chang-yue. Effects and research progress of transcranial magnetic stimulation on glial cells in the central nervous system[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2022, 20(7): 1207-1210. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002559
shu

Effects and research progress of transcranial magnetic stimulation on glial cells in the central nervous system

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002559

  • Department of Rehabilitation, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Chongqing 400042, China

  • Received Date: 2021-05-13
    Available Online: 2022-09-23
    Abstract
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) non-invasively stimulates neurons by generating a localised magnetic field, which could induce an electrical current in the brain. TMS can regulate brain activity in different patterns. TMS has been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases because of its effects on neurons and glial cells. Glia comprise the majority of cells in the adult brain, far exceeding neurons in number and diversity. Glial cells can be divided into five types: adult neural stem cells, which generate new neurons that are required for learning and memory; astrocytes, which perform a diverse range of functions, including neurotransmitter uptake and the buffering of extracellular potassium ion concentration; oligodendrocytes, which support axons through myelin production and favour trophic growth; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which can promote the proliferation and generation of new oligodendrocytes; and microglia, which are the resident immune cells of the brain. Each type of glial cell could be influenced by electrical activity directly or indirectly, making them possible cellular effectors of TMS. TMS can promote the proliferation of adult neural stem cells/progenitor, but its influence on cell survival and differentiation is unclear. TMS can stimulate astrocytes and then influence the formation, maturation, synaptic pruning and shape of dendritic spines. The research data of TMS on astrocytes and microglia are limited. The TMS of oligodendrocytes can dynamically regulate nerve conduction velocity. Data relating to the response of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells to this treatment are lacking. However, glial cells play a vital role in the central nervous system. Thus, the influence of TMS on glial cells warrants careful examination.

     

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