Effect of dietary nutritional intervention on pregnancy outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the dietary nutritional intake status of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),and study the influence of nutritional intervention to the pregnancy outcomes. Methods The clinical data of 142 pregnant women in our hospital were collected and divided into the GDM group (74 cases) and the healthy control group (68 cases).The basic information,pre-pregnancy BMI and dietary nutrition status of women,the born weight and health status of neonates were compared between the two groups. Results ①The age of pregnant women,nutritional intake (total calories,lipid,dietary fiber,calcium and zinc) and the percentage of fat in the GDM group were lower than those in the control group,however,the prepregnant BMI was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was significant between the two groups (P<0.05).②There were no significant differences in born weight,the incidence of SGA,AGA and macrosomia between the two groups (P>0.05).There were significant differences in gestational age[(38.03±2.08) m vs.(38.86±1.96) m],cesarean section rate (76.9% vs.79.4%) and LGA (16.6% vs.11.61%),all of them were lower in the GDM group (P<0.05).The Apgar score of neonates in both groups were in regular range,and they had no history of rescue. Conclusion The unbalanced nutrients intake in patients with GDM is common,and pre-pregnant obesity is one of the important factors.The nutrition intervention should be done as early as it could be to decrease the negative pregnancy outcomes.