Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often presents as the inflammation of the nose cavity and the mucous membrane lining of the sinuses for up to three months.Meanwhile CRS is a common health problem of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery,it has a high prevalence rate that leads the treatment unsatisfactory for most of patients in the clinical efficacy with the effects of the recurrence of the drug treatment and the complications after surgical treatment.Due to the long-term chronic inflammation stimulation,the remodeling of CRS is an inevitable result and eventually leads to the changes in mucosal structure and function.The changes of mucosal structure is hard to be irreversible,thus this increases the difficulty of the treatment,at the same time leads to chronic and refractory of disease further.The remodeling of CRS has not yet been clearly defined in the studies of the medical community,which is considered to be a result of the combination of various factors.Cytokines play vital role in the process of inflammation and remodeling processes in CRS,so far multiple cytokines have been found to be closely related to the remodeling of CRS,one of cytokines with the hottest study is called as Transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-β1),that is commonly recognized as the strongest factor in the fibrosis,involved in the regulation of remodeling processes of multiple organ tissue.TGF-β1 has been demonstrated as an indispensable role in remodeling processes in CRS,and Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exerts various biological effects in multiple cells and tissues by binding to its receptor c-Met.TGF-beta1 has been demonstrated as a crucial regulatory factor in this process in CRS as well.Furthermore,(HGF) can affect the expression of TGF-beta1 and play a role in anti-fibrosis.The balance of HGF and TGF-beta 1 plays a key role in regulating in CRS.This review aims to summarize the current findings on the mechanisms of two factors in CRS,so as to state the role of TGF-beta1 and HGF in the regulation of remodeling.
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