Application of non-invasive brain stimulation technique in rehabilitation of neurological diseases

There are many types of neurological diseases,which often cause different degrees of dysfunction,such as movement disorders,emotional and behavioral disorders,cognitive impairment,affecting the quality of life of patients and social participation.Neurological rehabilitation intervention can improve the functional level,reduce secondary damage and improve quality of life.Neurological rehabilitation treatment is developing rapidly at present;many new concepts of rehabilitation intervention are applied.Noninvasive brain stimulation(NBS) has attracted the attention of rehabilitation scholars in recent years,based on the development of new techniques in neurophysiology.NBS selects cerebral cortex-related functional areas as the target of action,through the electrical and magnetic stimulation caused by the relevant neurophysiological changes,to achieve the purpose of improving function.The repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) are most representative.rTMS,based on the principle of electromagnetic induction,Causes neuronal action potential changes in Cerebral cortex region by generating induced current and promotes cortical metabolism and improvement of brain function.T DCS uses a constant,low-intensity direct current(1-2 mA) through the electrode acting on the target cortex above the skull region,and then regulate the physiological activity of cerebral cortical neurons,induced benign brain function changes.Although specific stimulation patterns are slightly different,both achieve the overall improvement of brain function through the micro-role,with the characteristics of noninvasive,safe,good curative effect.So the clinical application prospect is broad.They both have been widely used in the rehabilitation of neurological diseases in recent years,and have become an important intervention in clinical rehabilitation.At present,the mechanism of action has been studied deeply and clinical application research has been carried out.This article,combined with domestic and foreign research,reviews related research of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques and their application in the rehabilitation of neurological diseases.