Investigation on the current state of oral health literacy and the influencing factors among residents in Fuyang city
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摘要:
目的 调查阜阳市居民口腔健康素养现状,并探索其影响因素,为制定口腔健康促进方案、提升居民口腔健康水平提供科学依据及建议。 方法 2021年4—6月,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方式,抽取阜阳市1 550名居民进行口腔健康问卷调查,并对居民口腔健康知信行得分情况进行统计学分析,对相关影响因素进行logistic回归分析。 结果 阜阳市居民口腔健康知识(K)、态度(A)、行为(P)及KAP得分分别为20.00(14.00, 24.00)分、15.00(11.00, 16.00)分、9.00(7.00, 11.00)分、44.00(35.00, 49.00)分;及格率分别为30.83%、23.67%、57.00%、27.35%。女性的口腔健康知识、态度及KAP得分均略高于男性(P<0.05);城镇居民的口腔健康知识、态度及KAP得分均明显高于农村居民(P<0.05);接受过口腔健康教育及专业保健指导、定期口腔健康检查的居民口腔健康行为及KAP得分均显著高于未实行者(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、受教育程度、职业及家庭年收入均是居民KAP得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 阜阳市居民口腔健康素养有待提高,应拓宽口腔健康宣教途径,提高居民对口腔卫生重视度,培养其良好的行为习惯,全面提升居民口腔健康水平。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the current situation of oral health literacy of residents in Fuyang City and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis and suggestions for formulating oral health promotion programmes and improving the oral health level of residents. Methods From April to June 2021, 1 550 residents in Fuyang City were selected by multi-stage stratified equal-volume random sampling to conduct oral health questionnaire survey, and the scores of residents' oral health knowledge, attitude and practice were statistically analyzed, and relevant influencing factors were analysed by logistic regression. Results The median scores of oral health knowledge (K), attitude (A), practice (P) and KAP of residents in Fuyang city were 20.00 (14.00, 24.00) points, 15.00 (11.00, 16.00) points, 9.00 (7.00, 11.00) points and 44.00 (35.00, 49.00) points, respectively; the pass rates were 30.83%, 23.67%, 57.00% and 27.35%. The oral health knowledge, attitude and KAP scores of women were slightly higher than those of men (P < 0.05); the oral health knowledge, attitude and KAP scores of urban residents were significantly higher than those of rural residents (P < 0.05); the oral health practices and KAP scores of residents who had received oral health education, professional health advice and regular oral health check-ups were significantly higher than those who had not (P < 0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, occupation and annual household income were the factors influencing KAP scores (P < 0.05). Conclusion The oral health literacy of Fuyang residents needs to be improved. We should expand the channels of oral health education, raise the importance of oral hygiene among residents, cultivate good behavioural habits, and comprehensively improve the oral health level of residents. -
Key words:
- Residents /
- Oral health literacy /
- Influence factor
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表 1 1 521名阜阳市居民KAP得分情况
Table 1. KAP scores of 1 521 residents in Fuyang city
项目 得分最小值(分) 得分最大值(分) 得分[M(P25, P75),分] 满分(分) 及格率(%) 知识 0 26 20.00(14.00, 24.00) 26 30.83 态度 0 18 15.00(11.00, 16.00) 18 23.67 行为 0 16 9.00(7.00, 11.00) 16 57.00 KAP 5 60 44.00(35.00, 49.00) 60 27.35 表 2 不同人口学特征阜阳市居民OHL得分比较[M(P25, P75),分]
Table 2. OHL univariate analysis of residents in Fuyang city with different demographic characteristics [M(P25, P75), Points]
项目 类别 例数 知识 态度 行为 KAP 性别 男性 688 19.00(13.00, 23.00) 14.00(10.00, 16.00) 9.00(7.00, 11.00) 43.00(33.00, 49.00) 女性 833 20.00(15.00, 24.00) 15.00(12.00, 17.00) 9.00(7.00, 11.00) 44.00(35.00, 50.00) Z值 -2.426 -2.290 -1.578 -2.816 P值 0.015 0.022 0.115 0.005 年龄(岁) ≤14 335 17.00(12.00, 22.00) 13.00(9.00, 16.00) 8.00(6.50, 11.00) 39.00(29.00, 47.00) 15~34 571 20.00(13.00, 24.00) 15.00(10.00, 17.00) 9.00(7.00, 11.00) 44.00(34.00, 50.00) 35~54 563 21.00(16.00, 24.00) 16.00(13.00, 17.00) 9.00(7.00, 11.00) 45.00(37.00, 50.00) ≥55 52 20.00(16.00, 22.00) 15.50(12.50, 17.00) 9.00(6.00, 11.00) 44.00(37.50, 50.00) χ2值 52.609 70.747 4.093 60.677 P值 <0.001 <0.001 0.252 <0.001 户籍 农村 813 18.00(13.00, 22.00) 14.00(10.00, 16.00) 9.00(6.00, 11.00) 41.00(32.00, 48.00) 城镇 708 21.00(16.50, 24.00) 16.00(13.00, 17.00) 9.00(7.00, 11.00) 46.00(38.00, 50.00) Z值 -7.159 -6.789 -3.062 -7.449 P值 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 职业 低层 879 18.00(13.00, 22.00) 14.00(9.00, 16.00) 8.00(6.00, 11.00) 40.00(30.00, 47.00) 中层 318 21.00(17.00, 24.00) 16.00(14.00, 17.00) 9.00(7.00, 11.00) 45.00(38.00, 50.00) 高层 324 22.00(20.00, 26.00) 16.00(14.00, 18.00) 10.00(8.00, 12.00) 49.00(44.00, 52.00) χ2值 139.917 167.353 38.422 190.322 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 受教育程度 小学及以下 320 15.00(11.00,21.00) 12.00(9.00, 15.00) 8.00(6.00, 11.00) 36.00(27.00, 45.00) 初中及高中 734 19.00(14.00,23.00) 14.00(12.00, 16.00) 8.00(7.00, 11.00) 43.00(35.00, 48.00) 大学及以上 467 22.00(19.00, 26.00) 16.00(14.00, 18.00) 10.00(8.00, 12.00) 48.00(42.00, 52.00) χ2值 166.943 169.675 39.825 206.119 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 家庭年收入(万元) <5 559 18.00(13.00, 22.00) 14.00(9.50,16.00) 8.00(6.00, 11.00) 40.00(30.50, 47.00) 5~12 712 21.00(15.00, 24.00) 16.00(12.00,17.00) 9.00(7.00, 11.00) 45.00(36.00, 50.00) >12 250 21.00(15.00, 24.00) 16.00(12.00, 17.00) 9.00(7.00, 12.00) 46.00(36.00, 51.00) χ2值 43.201 44.808 13.857 50.190 P值 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 是否接受过口腔健康教育 是 542 21.00(13.00, 24.00) 15.00(10.00, 17.00) 10.00(8.00, 12.00) 46.00(33.00, 51.00) 否 979 19.00(14.00, 23.00) 15.00(12.00, 16.00) 8.00(6.00, 11.00) 43.00(35.00, 48.00) Z值 -1.703 -0.156 -7.641 -4.438 P值 0.089 0.876 <0.001 <0.001 是否接受过专业口腔保健指导 是 514 21.00(14.00, 24.00) 16.00(12.00, 17.00) 10.00(8.00, 12.00) 47.00(36.00, 51.00) 否 1007 19.00(14.00, 23.00) 14.00(11.00, 16.00) 8.00(6.00, 10.00) 42.00(34.00, 48.00) Z值 -2.663 -3.678 -9.471 -6.647 P值 0.008 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 是否定期口腔健康检查 是 223 20.00(13.00, 23.00) 14.00(10.00, 16.00) 13.00(10.00, 16.00) 47.00(36.00, 52.00) 否 1 298 20.00(14.00, 24.00) 15.00(11.00, 17.00) 8.00(7.00, 10.00) 43.00(34.00, 49.00) Z值 -0.127 -1.376 -14.668 -5.344 P值 0.899 0.169 <0.001 <0.001 表 3 变量赋值情况
Table 3. Variable assignment
变量 赋值方法 性别 女性=1,男性=2 年龄 ≤14岁=1,15~34岁=2,35~54岁=3,≥55岁=4 户籍 城镇=1,农村=2 职业 高层=1,中层=2,低层=3 受教育程度 大学及以上=1,初中及高中=2,小学及以下=3 家庭年收入 12万元以上=1,5~12万元=2,5万元以下=3 是否接受过口腔健康教育 是=0,否=1 是否接受过专业口腔保健指导 是=0,否=1 是否定期口腔健康检查 是=0,否=1 KAP得分 合格=1,不合格=2 表 4 阜阳市居民OHL影响因素的logistic回归分析
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis for influencing fators of OHL in Fuyang residents
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P值 OR值 95% CI 年龄(岁) 15~34 -0.388 0.185 4.380 0.036 0.678 0.472~0.976 35~54 0.272 0.194 1.980 0.159 1.313 0.898~1.919 ≥55 0.394 0.388 1.034 0.309 1.483 0.694~3.170 职业 中层 -0.062 0.250 0.061 0.805 0.940 0.577~1.533 高层 -0.600 0.239 6.276 0.012 0.549 0.343~0.878 受教育程度 初中及高中 -0.689 0.202 11.672 0.001 0.502 0.338~0.745 大学及以上 -1.413 0.247 32.622 <0.001 0.244 0.150~0.395 家庭年收入(万元) 5~12 0.100 0.185 0.294 0.588 1.106 0.769~1.589 >12 -0.407 0.187 4.714 0.030 0.666 0.461~0.961 注:年龄以≤14岁为参照,职业以低层为参照,受教育程度以小学及以下为参照,家庭年收入以<5万元为参照。 -
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