阜阳市居民口腔健康素养现状及影响因素分析

杨晶晶; 廖圣恺

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003340

阜阳市居民口腔健康素养现状及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003340

杨晶晶^{1, 2},
廖圣恺^{1, 3, ,}

1.
蚌埠医科大学口腔医学院，安徽蚌埠 233030
2.
阜阳市颍泉区伍明镇中心卫生院口腔科，安徽阜阳 236134
3.
蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院口腔科，安徽蚌埠 233004

基金项目:

国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目 201910367045

详细信息

通讯作者:
廖圣恺，E-mail：lsk3166@163.com

中图分类号: R780.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 165
- HTML全文浏览量: 77
- PDF下载量: 10
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-11
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-09

Investigation on the current state of oral health literacy and the influencing factors among residents in Fuyang city

YANG Jingjing^{1, 2},
LIAO Shengkai^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
School of Oral Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查阜阳市居民口腔健康素养现状，并探索其影响因素，为制定口腔健康促进方案、提升居民口腔健康水平提供科学依据及建议。方法 2021年4—6月，采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方式，抽取阜阳市1 550名居民进行口腔健康问卷调查，并对居民口腔健康知信行得分情况进行统计学分析，对相关影响因素进行logistic回归分析。结果阜阳市居民口腔健康知识(K)、态度(A)、行为(P)及KAP得分分别为20.00(14.00, 24.00)分、15.00(11.00, 16.00)分、9.00(7.00, 11.00)分、44.00(35.00, 49.00)分；及格率分别为30.83%、23.67%、57.00%、27.35%。女性的口腔健康知识、态度及KAP得分均略高于男性(P＜0.05)；城镇居民的口腔健康知识、态度及KAP得分均明显高于农村居民(P＜0.05)；接受过口腔健康教育及专业保健指导、定期口腔健康检查的居民口腔健康行为及KAP得分均显著高于未实行者(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明，年龄、受教育程度、职业及家庭年收入均是居民KAP得分的影响因素(P＜0.05)。结论阜阳市居民口腔健康素养有待提高，应拓宽口腔健康宣教途径，提高居民对口腔卫生重视度，培养其良好的行为习惯，全面提升居民口腔健康水平。
- 居民 /
- 口腔健康素养 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of oral health literacy of residents in Fuyang City and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis and suggestions for formulating oral health promotion programmes and improving the oral health level of residents. Methods From April to June 2021, 1 550 residents in Fuyang City were selected by multi-stage stratified equal-volume random sampling to conduct oral health questionnaire survey, and the scores of residents' oral health knowledge, attitude and practice were statistically analyzed, and relevant influencing factors were analysed by logistic regression. Results The median scores of oral health knowledge (K), attitude (A), practice (P) and KAP of residents in Fuyang city were 20.00 (14.00, 24.00) points, 15.00 (11.00, 16.00) points, 9.00 (7.00, 11.00) points and 44.00 (35.00, 49.00) points, respectively; the pass rates were 30.83%, 23.67%, 57.00% and 27.35%. The oral health knowledge, attitude and KAP scores of women were slightly higher than those of men (P < 0.05); the oral health knowledge, attitude and KAP scores of urban residents were significantly higher than those of rural residents (P < 0.05); the oral health practices and KAP scores of residents who had received oral health education, professional health advice and regular oral health check-ups were significantly higher than those who had not (P < 0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, occupation and annual household income were the factors influencing KAP scores (P < 0.05). Conclusion The oral health literacy of Fuyang residents needs to be improved. We should expand the channels of oral health education, raise the importance of oral hygiene among residents, cultivate good behavioural habits, and comprehensively improve the oral health level of residents.
- Residents /
- Oral health literacy /
- Influence factor

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表 1 1 521名阜阳市居民KAP得分情况

Table 1. KAP scores of 1 521 residents in Fuyang city

项目	得分最小值(分)	得分最大值(分)	得分[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)，分]	满分(分)	及格率(%)
知识	0	26	20.00(14.00, 24.00)	26	30.83
态度	0	18	15.00(11.00, 16.00)	18	23.67
行为	0	16	9.00(7.00, 11.00)	16	57.00
KAP	5	60	44.00(35.00, 49.00)	60	27.35

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表 2 不同人口学特征阜阳市居民OHL得分比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)，分]

Table 2. OHL univariate analysis of residents in Fuyang city with different demographic characteristics [M(P₂₅, P₇₅), Points]

项目	类别	例数	知识	态度	行为	KAP
性别	男性	688	19.00(13.00, 23.00)	14.00(10.00, 16.00)	9.00(7.00, 11.00)	43.00(33.00, 49.00)
	女性	833	20.00(15.00, 24.00)	15.00(12.00, 17.00)	9.00(7.00, 11.00)	44.00(35.00, 50.00)
Z值			-2.426	-2.290	-1.578	-2.816
P值			0.015	0.022	0.115	0.005
年龄(岁)	≤14	335	17.00(12.00, 22.00)	13.00(9.00, 16.00)	8.00(6.50, 11.00)	39.00(29.00, 47.00)
	15~34	571	20.00(13.00, 24.00)	15.00(10.00, 17.00)	9.00(7.00, 11.00)	44.00(34.00, 50.00)
	35~54	563	21.00(16.00, 24.00)	16.00(13.00, 17.00)	9.00(7.00, 11.00)	45.00(37.00, 50.00)
	≥55	52	20.00(16.00, 22.00)	15.50(12.50, 17.00)	9.00(6.00, 11.00)	44.00(37.50, 50.00)
χ²值			52.609	70.747	4.093	60.677
P值			＜0.001	＜0.001	0.252	＜0.001
户籍	农村	813	18.00(13.00, 22.00)	14.00(10.00, 16.00)	9.00(6.00, 11.00)	41.00(32.00, 48.00)
	城镇	708	21.00(16.50, 24.00)	16.00(13.00, 17.00)	9.00(7.00, 11.00)	46.00(38.00, 50.00)
Z值			-7.159	-6.789	-3.062	-7.449
P值			＜0.001	＜0.001	0.002	＜0.001
职业	低层	879	18.00(13.00, 22.00)	14.00(9.00, 16.00)	8.00(6.00, 11.00)	40.00(30.00, 47.00)
	中层	318	21.00(17.00, 24.00)	16.00(14.00, 17.00)	9.00(7.00, 11.00)	45.00(38.00, 50.00)
	高层	324	22.00(20.00, 26.00)	16.00(14.00, 18.00)	10.00(8.00, 12.00)	49.00(44.00, 52.00)
χ²值			139.917	167.353	38.422	190.322
P值			＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001
受教育程度	小学及以下	320	15.00(11.00，21.00)	12.00(9.00, 15.00)	8.00(6.00, 11.00)	36.00(27.00, 45.00)
	初中及高中	734	19.00(14.00，23.00)	14.00(12.00, 16.00)	8.00(7.00, 11.00)	43.00(35.00, 48.00)
	大学及以上	467	22.00(19.00, 26.00)	16.00(14.00, 18.00)	10.00(8.00, 12.00)	48.00(42.00, 52.00)
χ²值			166.943	169.675	39.825	206.119
P值			＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001
家庭年收入(万元)	＜5	559	18.00(13.00, 22.00)	14.00(9.50，16.00)	8.00(6.00, 11.00)	40.00(30.50, 47.00)
	5~12	712	21.00(15.00, 24.00)	16.00(12.00，17.00)	9.00(7.00, 11.00)	45.00(36.00, 50.00)
	＞12	250	21.00(15.00, 24.00)	16.00(12.00, 17.00)	9.00(7.00, 12.00)	46.00(36.00, 51.00)
χ²值			43.201	44.808	13.857	50.190
P值			＜0.001	＜0.001	0.001	＜0.001
是否接受过口腔健康教育	是	542	21.00(13.00, 24.00)	15.00(10.00, 17.00)	10.00(8.00, 12.00)	46.00(33.00, 51.00)
	否	979	19.00(14.00, 23.00)	15.00(12.00, 16.00)	8.00(6.00, 11.00)	43.00(35.00, 48.00)
Z值			-1.703	-0.156	-7.641	-4.438
P值			0.089	0.876	＜0.001	＜0.001
是否接受过专业口腔保健指导	是	514	21.00(14.00, 24.00)	16.00(12.00, 17.00)	10.00(8.00, 12.00)	47.00(36.00, 51.00)
	否	1007	19.00(14.00, 23.00)	14.00(11.00, 16.00)	8.00(6.00, 10.00)	42.00(34.00, 48.00)
Z值			-2.663	-3.678	-9.471	-6.647
P值			0.008	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001
是否定期口腔健康检查	是	223	20.00(13.00, 23.00)	14.00(10.00, 16.00)	13.00(10.00, 16.00)	47.00(36.00, 52.00)
	否	1 298	20.00(14.00, 24.00)	15.00(11.00, 17.00)	8.00(7.00, 10.00)	43.00(34.00, 49.00)
Z值			-0.127	-1.376	-14.668	-5.344
P值			0.899	0.169	＜0.001	＜0.001

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表 3 变量赋值情况

Table 3. Variable assignment

变量	赋值方法
性别	女性=1，男性=2
年龄	≤14岁=1，15~34岁=2，35~54岁=3，≥55岁=4
户籍	城镇=1，农村=2
职业	高层=1，中层=2，低层=3
受教育程度	大学及以上=1，初中及高中=2，小学及以下=3
家庭年收入	12万元以上=1，5~12万元=2，5万元以下=3
是否接受过口腔健康教育	是=0，否=1
是否接受过专业口腔保健指导	是=0，否=1
是否定期口腔健康检查	是=0，否=1
KAP得分	合格=1，不合格=2

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表 4 阜阳市居民OHL影响因素的logistic回归分析

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis for influencing fators of OHL in Fuyang residents

变量	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR值	95% CI
年龄(岁)
15~34	-0.388	0.185	4.380	0.036	0.678	0.472~0.976
35~54	0.272	0.194	1.980	0.159	1.313	0.898~1.919
≥55	0.394	0.388	1.034	0.309	1.483	0.694~3.170
职业
中层	-0.062	0.250	0.061	0.805	0.940	0.577~1.533
高层	-0.600	0.239	6.276	0.012	0.549	0.343~0.878
受教育程度
初中及高中	-0.689	0.202	11.672	0.001	0.502	0.338~0.745
大学及以上	-1.413	0.247	32.622	＜0.001	0.244	0.150~0.395
家庭年收入(万元)
5~12	0.100	0.185	0.294	0.588	1.106	0.769~1.589
＞12	-0.407	0.187	4.714	0.030	0.666	0.461~0.961
注：年龄以≤14岁为参照，职业以低层为参照，受教育程度以小学及以下为参照，家庭年收入以＜5万元为参照。

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