上海市嘉定区学生午餐营养素供应情况及满意度因素分析

董玉婷; 彭慧; 彭谦; 鲍勇

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003354

上海市嘉定区学生午餐营养素供应情况及满意度因素分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003354

董玉婷¹,
彭慧¹,
彭谦¹,
鲍勇^{2, 3, ,}

1.
上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心，上海 201899
2.
上海交通大学行业研究院，上海 200030
3.
上海交大健康传播发展中心，上海 200030

基金项目:

上海市嘉定区自然科学研究项目 JDKW-2020-0046

详细信息

通讯作者:
鲍勇，E-mail: baoyong10101010@163.com

中图分类号: R153.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 142
- HTML全文浏览量: 64
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-09

Analysis of nutrient supply and satisfaction factors for lunch among students in Jiading District, Shanghai

DONG Yuting¹,
PENG Hui¹,
PENG Qian¹,
BAO Yong^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Shanghai Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201899, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解嘉定区学生午餐营养素供应及满意度情况，为改进学生午餐质量、改善学生营养状况提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，于2021年在嘉定区7家学生午餐供餐企业中各随机抽取一所服务学校，对770名4~12年级学生及其家长开展学校午餐的问卷调查。采用查账法结合学生午餐食谱，对供餐企业提供的学校午餐进行营养素供应情况调查分析。结果学生对学校午餐满意率顺位由高到低依次为开餐时间84.7%(652/770)、饭菜冷热76.8%(591/770)、量72.1%(555/770)、色71.2%(548/770)、香69.5%(535/770)、形69.2%(533/770)、味64.4%(496/770)。家长对各因素满意率顺位由高到低依次为量92.4%(705/763)、开餐时间87.5%(668/763)、营养搭配84.8%(647/763)、午餐价格79.6%(607/763)、孩子体重62.4%(476/763)。学校午餐碳水化合物及钙的供应低于推荐值，蛋白质及脂肪的供应超出推荐值。结论嘉定区学生午餐中能量和主要营养素能满足日常需求，部分营养素未达到推荐值，建议加强营养卫生宣教工作，引导学生建立平衡膳食理念，增加谷物、奶类食用，减少高脂肪食物摄入，促进健康成长。
- 学生 /
- 学校午餐 /
- 影响因素 /
- 营养素
Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the nutrient supply of students' lunch in Jiading District and the satisfaction of primary and secondary school students and parents with school lunch, in order to provide scientific basis for improving the quality of nutritional lunch for primary and secondary school students and improving their nutrition. Methods Using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, a satisfaction survey was conducted on 770 primary and secondary school students from grades 4 to 12 and their parents at a service school randomly selected from each of the 7 school lunch catering enterprises in Jiading District in 2021. A survey and analysis were conducted on the nutrient supply of school lunches provided by catering enterprises using the method of auditing accounts combined with students' lunch recipes. Results The satisfaction rate of students with school lunch ranked from high to low as follows: opening time 84.7% (652/770), hot and cold food 76.8% (591/770), quantity 72.1% (555/770), color 71.2% (548/770), aroma 69.5% (535/770), shape 69.2% (533/770), and taste 64.4% (496/770). The satisfaction rate of parents with various factors ranked in descending order from high to low is quantity 92.4% (705/763), meal time 87.5% (668/763), nutrition matching 84.8% (647/763), lunch price 79.6% (607/763), and child weight 62.4% (476/763). The supply of carbohydrates and calcium for school lunches is lower than the recommended value. The supply of protein and fat exceeds the recommended value. Conclusion The energy and main nutrients in students' lunch in Jiading District can meet their daily needs, but some energy nutrients do not reach the recommended value. It is suggested to strengthen the nutrition and health education for students, work with parents to guide students to establish the concept of reasonable nutrition and balanced diet, develop good eating habits, and increase the intake of milk and grains, reduce the intake of high-fat foods such as fried foods and promote healthy growth of students.
- Students /
- School lunch /
- Influencing factors /
- Nutrient

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表 1 学生午餐整体满意度单因素分析[人(%)]

Table 1. Univariate analysis of students' overall satisfaction with lunch [people (%)]

项目	满意 (n=541)	不满意 (n=229)	统计量	P值
学段			77.169^a	< 0.001
小学高年级	191(35.3)	34(14.8)
初中	315(58.2)	133(58.1)
高中	35(6.5)	62(27.1)
性别			2.841^b	0.092
男性	284(52.5)	105(45.9)
女性	257(47.5)	124(54.1)
色			379.372^a	< 0.001
满意	497(91.9)	51(22.3)
一般	42(7.8)	168(73.4)
不满意	2(0.4)	10(4.4)
香			437.480^a	< 0.001
满意	498(92.1)	37(16.2)
一般	39(7.2)	175(76.4)
不满意	4(0.7)	17(7.4)
味			474.121^a	< 0.001
满意	480(88.7)	16(7.0)
一般	60(11.1)	184(80.3)
不满意	1(0.2)	29(12.7)
形			390.620^a	< 0.001
满意	490(90.6)	43(18.8)
一般	47(8.7)	178(77.7)
不满意	4(0.7)	8(3.5)
量			241.463^a	< 0.001
满意	478(88.4)	77(33.6)
一般	57(10.5)	125(54.6)
不满意	6(1.1)	27(11.8)
冷热			207.861^a	< 0.001
满意	492(90.9)	99(43.2)
一般	47(8.7)	116(50.7)
不满意	2(0.4)	14(6.1)
老师共餐			105.494^a	< 0.001
一直	225(41.6)	33(14.4)
有时	181(33.4)	52(22.7)
没有	135(25.0)	144(62.9)
碗筷清洁			42.751^a	< 0.001
干净	476(88.0)	158(69.0)
有时不干净	64(11.8)	66(28.8)
不干净	1(0.2)	5(2.2)
开餐时间			166.003^a	< 0.001
满意	517(95.6)	135(59.0)
一般	22(4.1)	87(38.0)
不满意	2(0.4)	7(3.1)
注：^a为Z值，^b为χ²值。

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表 2 午餐整体满意度多因素分析

Table 2. Multi-factor analysis of overall lunch satisfaction

变量	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR值	95% CI
学段
初中	-0.269	0.399	0.421	0.526	0.772	0.353~1.688
高中	-0.341	0.551	0.384	0.543	0.711	0.241~2.093
色
一般	0.755	0.387	3.794	0.057	2.127	1.004~4.545
不满意	-0.390	1.496	0.068	0.791	0.677	0.036~12.708
香
一般	1.311	0.385	11.595	< 0.001	3.712	1.744~7.897
不满意	0.828	1.138	0.529	0.472	2.289	0.246~21.305
味
一般	2.764	0.382	52.407	< 0.001	15.861	7.505~33.520
不满意	5.322	1.178	20.408	< 0.001	204.778	20.348~2 060.845
形
一般	1.467	0.379	14.998	< 0.001	4.338	2.064~9.117
不满意	0.249	1.066	0.054	0.823	1.282	0.159~10.350
量
一般	0.845	0.354	5.710	0.025	2.328	1.164~4.654
不满意	1.545	0.809	3.641	0.067	4.686	0.959~22.899
冷热
一般	0.109	0.378	0.083	0.772	1.115	0.532~2.340
不满意	1.802	1.113	2.621	0.113	6.062	0.684~53.715
老师共餐
有时	0.208	0.445	0.218	0.642	1.231	0.515~2.942
没有	1.174	0.410	8.201	< 0.001	3.234	1.448~7.221
碗筷清洁
有时不干净	-1.082	0.406	7.091	0.018	0.339	0.153~0.751
不干净	-0.709	1.673	0.180	0.672	0.492	0.019~13.072
开餐时间
一般	0.365	0.466	0.613	0.436	1.440	0.578~3.589
不满意	-0.347	1.593	0.047	0.833	0.707	0.031~16.031
注：学段以小学高年级为参照；老师共餐以一直为参照；碗筷清洁以干净为参照；其余各自变量均以满意作为参照。

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表 3 家长午餐整体满意度单因素分析[人(%)]

Table 3. Single factor analysis of parents' overall satisfaction with lunch[people (%)]

项目	满意 (n=550)	不满意 (n=213)	统计量	P值
学段			50.079^a	< 0.001
小学高年级	191(34.7)	33(15.5)
初中	317(57.6)	131(61.5)
高中	42(7.6)	49(23.0)
价格			299.887^a	< 0.001
满意	524(95.3)	83(39.0)
一般	24(4.4)	121(56.8)
不满意	2(0.4)	9(4.2)
开餐时间			190.347^a	< 0.001
满意	538(97.8)	130(61.0)
一般	11(2.0)	76(35.7)
不满意	1(0.2)	7(3.3)
营养搭配			204.026^a	< 0.001
满意	530(96.4)	117(54.9)
一般	14(2.5)	61(28.6)
不满意	6(1.1)	35(16.4)
量			93.822^b	< 0.001
满意	540(98.2)	165(77.5)
不满意	10(1.8)	48(22.5)
孩子体重			74.706^b	< 0.001
满意	395(71.8)	81(38.0)
一般	121(22.0)	103(48.4)
不满意	34(6.2)	29(13.6)
注：^a为Z值，^b为χ²值。

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表 4 午餐整体满意度多因素分析

Table 4. Multi-factor analysis of overall lunch satisfaction

变量	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR值	95% CI
学段
初中	-0.033	0.458	< 0.001	0.995	0.996	0.408~2.442
高中	0.671	0.405	2.807	0.091	1.973	0.898~4.367
价格
一般	0.205	1.008	0.041	0.839	1.227	0.172~8.849
不满意	2.759	1.032	7.123	< 0.001	15.691	2.072~118.283
开餐时间
一般	-2.355	1.208	3.807	0.051	0.096	0.019~1.018
不满意	-0.408	1.257	0.107	0.747	0.668	0.052~7.850
营养搭配
一般	-2.491	0.621	16.140	< 0.001	0.084	0.024~0.270
不满意	-0.654	0.703	0.868	0.353	0.521	0.137~2.069
量
不满意	-1.795	0.512	12.309	< 0.001	0.169	0.046~0.458
孩子体重
一般	-0.314	0.425	0.540	0.461	0.733	0.319~1.685
不满意	0.623	0.437	2.000	0.151	1.854	0.782~4.373
注：学段以小学高年级为参照；其余各变量均以满意作为参照。

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