Association between age-friendliness of communities and cognitive function among older adults
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摘要:
目的 探究社区老年友好程度与老年人认知功能之间的相关性,为健康老龄化建设提供科学依据。 方法 2022年4—7月以浙江省杭州市、宁波市、丽水市的中心城区和郊区/农村地区5 940名65岁及以上常住居民为研究对象。通过横断面调查,了解研究对象的个人基本信息,分别采用老年友好型社区(AFC)评估量表和8条目痴呆筛查(AD8)问卷评估研究对象的社区老年友好程度和认知功能。采用多因素logistic回归分析研究老年人认知功能障碍的危险因素以及社区老年友好程度与老年人认知功能之间的相关性。 结果 本研究共调查6 000人次,共回收有效问卷5 940份。二元logistic回归分析结果显示AFC中住宅环境、交通环境、社区环境、社会包容评分均是发生认知功能障碍的影响因素(P<0.05),OR(95% CI)分别为0.924(0.877~0.973)、0.925(0.875~0.978)、0.946(0.895~0.999)、0.927(0.876~0.982)。 结论 AFC中住宅环境、交通环境、社区环境、社会包容评分低是发生认知功能障碍的独立危险因素,提高社区老年友好程度的措施对于提升老年人认知功能水平有一定的帮助。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the association between age-friendliness of communities (AFC)and cognitive function in the elderly and provide scientific basis for the construction of healthy aging. Methods A total of 5 940 permanent residents aged 65 and over in urban and suburban/rural areas in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Lishui of Zhejiang Province were studied from April 2022 to July 2022. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect basic personal information of the subjects, and the community age-friendliness and cognitive function of the subjects were assessed using the AFC rating scale and the 8-item dementia ascertainment (AD8) scale respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for cognitive dysfunction and the association between AFC and cognitive function in older people. Results A total of 6 000 people were screened and a total of 5 940 valid questionnaires were collected. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the scores of residential environment, transport environment, community environment and social inclusion were influencing factors for cognitive dysfunction (P<0.05), OR (95% CI) were 0.924 (0.877-0.973), 0.925 (0.875-0.978), 0.946 (0.895-0.999) and 0.927 (0.876-0.982) respectively. Conclusion Poor residential environment, transport, community and social inclusion environments are independent risk factors for cognitive impairment. The measures to improve the degree of age-friendly community are helpful in improving cognitive function. -
Key words:
- Age-friendly communities /
- Cognitive dysfunction /
- Risk factors /
- Correlation
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表 1 研究对象基本情况比较
Table 1. Comparison of basic situation of research subjects
项目 无障碍(n=3 867) 有障碍(n=2 073) 统计量 P值 调查地点[例(%)] 125.086a <0.001 杭州三墩镇 650(75.8) 207(24.2) 杭州拱墅区 709(71.5) 283(28.5) 宁波市市区 521(65.9) 269(34.1) 宁波市宁海 308(51.3) 292(48.7) 宁波市慈溪 352(59.1) 244(40.9) 丽水市 1 327(63.0) 778(37.0) 年龄[M(P25, P75),岁] 71(68, 76) 74(69, 80) -13.325b <0.001 性别[例(%)] 16.492a <0.001 男性 1 926(49.8) 918(44.3) 女性 1 941(50.2) 1 155(55.7) 文化程度初中及以下[例(%)] 3 177(82.2) 1 834(88.5) 144.400a <0.001 汉族[例(%)] 3 825(98.9) 2 060(99.4) 3.099a 0.078 已婚[例(%)] 3 366(87.0) 1 643(79.3) 66.128a <0.001 经济状况5 000元以下[例(%)] 2 836(73.3) 1 631(78.7) 73.693a <0.001 居住方式[例(%)] 独居 375(9.7) 249(12.0) 7.787a 0.006 与伴侣同住 2 922(75.6) 1 342(64.7) 78.082a <0.001 与子女或其他家人同住 963(24.9) 601(29.0) 11.631a 0.001 住在养老院 44(1.1) 87(4.2) 58.552a <0.001 大部分时间在医院 1(0.0) 32(1.5) 56.274a <0.001 吸烟[例(%)] 709(18.3) 380(18.3) 0.000a 0.997 身体活动30 min以下[例(%)] 2 343(60.6) 1 510(72.8) 133.110a <0.001 饮酒[例(%)] 3 137(81.1) 1 664(80.3) 13.747a 0.008 久坐时间[M(P25, P75),h] 5(3, 6) 5(4, 7) -10.995b <0.001 高血压[例(%)] 2 198(56.8) 1 266(61.1) 9.938a 0.002 糖尿病[例(%)] 869(22.5) 454(21.9) 0.255a 0.614 冠心病[例(%)] 289(7.5) 213(10.3) 13.690a <0.001 脑卒中[例(%)] 113(2.9) 140(6.8) 48.580a <0.001 慢性病总数[M(P25, P75)] 1(1, 2) 1(1, 2) -6.665b <0.001 重大事件总数[M(P25, P75)] 0(0, 0) 0(0, 1) -11.815b <0.001 幸福感[M(P25, P75),分] 55(45, 63) 49(38, 59) -12.992b <0.001 PHQ-9[M(P25, P75),分] 1(0, 5) 6(3, 9) -30.289b <0.001 注:a为χ2值,b为Z值。 表 2 影响老年人认知功能障碍的变量赋值
Table 2. Assignment of variables affecting cognitive dysfunction in the elderly
变量 赋值说明 调查地点 杭州三墩镇=(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);杭州拱墅区=(1, 0, 0, 0, 0);宁波市市区=(0, 1, 0, 0, 0);宁波市宁海=(0, 0, 1, 0, 0);宁波市慈溪=(0, 0, 0, 1, 0);丽水市=(0, 0, 0, 0, 1) 年龄 以实际值赋值 性别 男性=0,女性=1 文化程度 小学以下=0,小学=1,初中=2,高中/中专/技校=3,大专=4,大学本科=5,研究生及以上=6 婚姻状况 未婚=(0, 0, 0, 0);已婚=(1, 0, 0, 0);离异=(0, 1, 0, 0);丧偶=(0, 0, 1, 0);其他=(0, 0, 0, 1) 经济状况 <2 000元=0,2 000~5 000元=1,5 001~10 000元=2,10 001~20 000元=3,>20 000元=4 独居 否=0,是=1 与伴侣同住 否=0,是=1 与子女或其他家人同住 否=0,是=1 住在养老院 否=0,是=1 大部分时间在医院 否=0,是=1 身体活动 20 min以下=0,20~30 min=1,>30~40 min=2,>40~50 min=3,>50 min=4 久坐时间 以实际值赋值 饮酒 从不=0,每月1次或更少=1,每月2~4次=2,每周2~3次=3,每周4次及以上=4 高血压 无=0,有=1 冠心病 无=0,有=1 脑卒中 无=0,有=1 慢性病总数 以实际值赋值 重大事件总数 以实际值赋值 幸福感 以实际值赋值 PHQ-9 以实际值赋值 表 3 基本信息资料对认知功能障碍影响的logistic回归分析
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of the impact of basic information on cognitive dysfunction
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P值 OR(95% CI) 调查地点 0.061 0.019 10.273 0.001 1.062(1.024~1.103) 年龄 0.042 0.005 73.781 <0.001 1.043(1.033~1.052) 性别 0.150 0.067 4.993 0.025 1.162(1.019~1.325) 文化程度 -0.101 0.031 10.555 0.001 0.904(0.851~0.961) 婚姻状况 -0.094 0.061 2.337 0.126 0.911(0.808~1.027) 经济状况 -0.140 0.039 12.607 <0.001 0.870(0.805~0.939) 独居 -0.146 0.153 0.920 0.337 0.864(0.641~1.165) 与伴侣同住 -0.178 0.123 2.105 0.147 0.837(0.658~1.064) 与子女或其他家人同住 0.181 0.101 3.228 0.072 1.198(0.984~1.459) 住在养老院 0.652 0.214 9.231 0.002 1.919(1.260~2.922) 大部分时间在医院 3.285 1.042 9.936 0.002 26.710(3.464~205.958) 身体活动 0.026 0.025 1.074 0.300 1.026(0.977~1.078) 久坐时间 0.078 0.013 35.786 <0.001 1.082(1.054~1.110) 饮酒 0.061 0.027 5.313 0.021 1.063(1.009~1.120) 高血压 0.067 0.065 1.038 0.308 1.069(0.940~1.215) 冠心病 -0.031 0.121 0.066 0.797 0.969(0.765~1.228) 脑卒中 0.423 0.154 7.521 0.006 1.526(1.128~2.065) 慢性病总数 0.062 0.030 4.399 0.036 1.064(1.004~1.128) 重大事件总数 0.235 0.052 20.743 <0.001 1.265(1.143~1.399) 幸福感 0.001 0.002 0.337 0.562 1.001(0.997~1.006) PHQ-9 0.166 0.008 435.689 <0.001 1.180(1.162~1.199) 表 4 社区老年友好程度对认知功能障碍影响的logistic回归分析
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of the influence of age-friendliness of communities on cognitive dysfunction
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P值 OR(95% CI) 住宅环境 -0.079 0.027 8.857 0.003 0.924(0.877~0.973) 交通环境 -0.078 0.029 7.509 0.006 0.925(0.875~0.978) 社区环境 -0.056 0.028 3.986 0.046 0.946(0.895~0.999) 社会参与 -0.002 0.028 0.004 0.951 0.998(0.946~1.054) 社会包容 -0.075 0.029 6.691 0.010 0.927(0.876~0.982) 社区健康服务环境 -0.041 0.029 2.040 0.153 0.960(0.907~1.015) 注:变量赋值, 住宅环境(第1四分位区间=0,第2四分位区间=1,第3四分位区间=2,第4四分位区间=3),交通环境(第1四分位区间=0,第2四分位区间=1,第3四分位区间=2,第4四分位区间=3),社区环境(第1四分位区间=0,第2四分位区间=1,第3四分位区间=2,第4四分位区间=3),社区参与(第1四分位区间=0,第2四分位区间=1,第3四分位区间=2,第4四分位区间=3),社会包容(第1四分位区间=0,第2四分位区间=1,第3四分位区间=2,第4四分位区间=3),社区健康服务环境(第1四分位区间=0,第2四分位区间=1,第3四分位区间=2,第4四分位区间=3)。 -
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