Health literacy and its influencing factors in functional communities in Shanghai City from the perspective of active health
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摘要:
目的 基于主动健康的视角探讨上海市功能社区人群健康素养存在的问题,提出改善功能社区人群健康素养的若干策略。 方法 2023年2—6月,采用自制问卷+健康素养量表(HeLMS)对上海市功能社区人群进行抽样调研,调查内容包括功能社区人口学特征、基础病状况、健康素养水平、健康知识获取途径。 结果 回收有效问卷333份,健康素养总分为(91.07±17.03)分, 信息获取能力均分为(4.49±0.81)分,交流互动能力均分为(3.20±0.88)分,改善健康意愿均分为(3.54±0.93)分,经济支持意愿均分为(3.85±1.09)分。多重线性回归分析表明,家庭居住条件(自评)、人均家庭月收入、健康知识获取途径数量均为健康素养的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 上海市功能社区人群总体健康素养欠缺,信息获取能力良好,而交流互动能力、改善健康意愿、经济支持意愿一般。家庭居住条件(自评)、人均家庭月收入、健康知识获取途径的数量是健康素养的影响因素,提高健康素养的有效途径之一即增加功能社区人群健康知识获取途径的可及性。 Abstract:Objective Based on the perspective of active health, this study aims to identify the problems in health literacy among functional community residents in Shanghai and propose several strategies to improve their health literacy. Methods A sampling survey was conducted among the functional community population in Shanghai utilizing a self-developed questionnaire and the health literacy management scale (HeLMS) from February to June 2023. The survey aimed to assess demographic characteristics, prevalence of underlying health conditions, levels of health literacy, and sources of health knowledge acquisition within this population. Results A total of 333 valid questionnaires were collected, yielding an overall health literacy score of 91.07±17.03. The mean scores for information acquisition ability were 4.49±0.81; for communication and interaction ability, 3.20±0.88; for willingness to improve health, 3.54±0.93; and for willingness to provide economic support, 3.85±1.09. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that self-assessed living conditions, per capita monthly family income, and the number of channels through which health knowledge were influencing factors of health literacy (P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall health literacy of the community in the functional community in Shanghai is insufficient, with good information acquisition ability, while their communication and interaction ability, willingness to improve health, and willingness to provide economic support are generally average. The factors affecting health literacy include the living conditions of the family (self-evaluation), per capita monthly household income, and the number of channels for acquiring health knowledge. One effective way to improve health literacy is to increase the accessibility of health knowledge acquisition channels for the community in the functional community. -
Key words:
- Health literacy /
- Functional community /
- Active health
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表 1 不同人口学特点功能社区人群健康素养得分比较[M(P25, P75),分]
Table 1. Comparison of health literacy scores among functional community populations with different demographic characteristics[M(P25, P75), points]
项目 人数 健康素养总分 信息获取能力 交流互动能力 改善健康意愿 经济支持意愿 性别 男性 124 90.00(79.25, 98.00) 4.78(4.14, 5.00) 3.00(2.67, 3.56) 3.13(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 女性 209 92.00(84.5, 101.00) 4.89(4.33, 5.00) 3.00(2.78, 3.67) 3.50(3.00, 4.25) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 年龄 30岁以下 69 90.00(79.5, 99.00) 4.78(4.00, 5.00) 3.00(2.72, 3.67) 3.25(3.00, 4.00) 3.50(3.00, 4.75) 31~40岁 141 91.00(81.00, 105.00) 4.89(4.17, 5.00) 3.00(2.67, 3.95) 3.50(3.00, 4.38) 4.00(3.00, 5.00)g 41~50岁 85 93.00(89, 99.5.00) 4.89(4.56, 5.00)g 3.00(2.78, 3.44) 3.50(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00)g 51岁以上 38 90.50(80.00, 98.00) 4.89(4.31, 5.00) 3.00(2.42, 3.44) 3.00(2.75, 4.00) 4.00(2.75, 5.00) 户籍 上海 255 92.00(84.00, 100.00) 4.89(4.44, 5.00) 3.00(2.78, 3.56) 3.25(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 非上海 78 89.00(77.75, 99.25)a 4.67(3.86, 5.00)a 3.00(2.64, 3.69) 3.50(3.00, 4.06) 3.50(2.88, 4.13)a 学历 大专以下 44 86.00(72.75, 93.75) 4.56(4.00, 4.89) 2.89(2.36, 3.42) 3.00(2.75, 4.00) 3.25(2.00, 4.00) 大专及以上 289 92.00(84.00, 100.00)b 4.89(4.33, 5.00)b 3.00(2.78, 3.67)b 3.25(3.00, 4.25)b 4.00(3.00, 5.00)b 婚姻状况 已婚 234 92.00(83.75, 100.00) 4.89(4.33, 5.00) 3.00(2.67, 3.56) 3.25(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 未婚 89 90.00(81.00, 100.50) 4.78(4.11, 5.00) 3.11(2.78, 3.78) 3.25(3.00, 4.25) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 丧偶或离异 10 93.5(88.75, 101.75) 4.89(4.67, 5.00) 3.11(2.81, 3.47) 4.00(3.00, 4.25) 4.00(3.00, 4.63) 医疗费用来源 上海市医保 306 92.00(83.00, 100.00)c 4.89(4.42, 5.00)c 3.00(2.78, 3.67) 3.25(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00)c 自费 8 94.50(78.25, 108.50) 4.89(3.92, 5.00) 3.33(2.69, 3.97) 3.75(3.13, 4.94) 3.50(2.63, 5.00) 外地医保 19 84.00(64.00, 91.00) 4.22(3.33, 4.78) 2.78(2.33, 3.44) 3.00(2.00, 4.00) 2.00(2.00, 4.00) 是否签约家庭医生 是 131 92.00(83.00, 104.00) 4.89(4.33, 5.00) 3.11(2.78, 3.89) 3.25(3.00, 4.25) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 否/不知道 202 90.50(81.75, 99.00) 4.83(4.22, 5.00) 3.00(2.67, 3.47) 3.25(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 是否有健康档案 是 122 92.50(81.00, 106.00) 4.89(4.42, 5.00) 3.17(2.78, 4.03)h 3.50(3.00, 4.50) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 否/不知道 211 91.00(82.00, 98.00) 4.89(4.22, 5.00) 3.00(2.67, 3.44) 3.25(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 家庭人均月收入 低(5 000元以下) 47 86.00(75.00, 96.00) 4.56(3.56, 5.00) 3.00(2.33, 3.33) 3.00(2.75, 4.00) 3.50(3.00, 4.00) 中(5 000~10 000元) 116 91.00(81.00, 99.75)d 4.89(4.36, 5.00)d 3.00(2.69, 3.67) 3.00(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 高(10 000元以上) 170 93.50(85.00, 101.00)d 4.89(4.33, 5.00)d 3.00(2.78, 3.78) 3.75(3.00, 4.31)d 4.00(3.00, 5.00)d 单位性质 企业单位 139 91.00(81.00, 98.00) 4.89(4.33, 5.00) 3.00(2.56, 3.44) 3.25(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 事业单位 194 92.00(82.00, 100.25) 4.89(4.33, 5.00) 3.00(2.78, 3.78) 3.25(3.00, 4.25) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 岗位 领导管理岗位 47 91.00(80.00, 97.00)e 4.89(3.89, 5.00) 3.00(2.89, 3.22) 3.25(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 专业技术岗位 122 92.00(85.00, 100.25)e 4.89(4.44, 5.00) 3.00(2.78, 3.69) 3.50(3.00, 4.25) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 劳动生产岗位 47 84.00(76.00, 96.00) 4.44(4.00, 5.00) 2.89(2.33, 3.56) 3.00(3.00, 4.00) 3.50(3.00, 4.00) 行政后勤岗位 93 94.00(81.50, 105.00)e 4.89(4.56, 5.00) 3.11(2.67, 3.94) 3.50(3.00, 4.63) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 其他岗位 24 92.00(87.75, 94.75)e 4.89(4.31, 5.00) 3.06(2.81, 3.33) 3.50(3.00, 4.00) 4.00(3.00, 5.00) 居住条件自评 好 317 92.00(83.50, 100.00)f 4.89(4.33, 5.00)f 3.00(2.78, 3.67)f 3.25(3.00, 4.13)f 4.00(3.00, 5.00)f 不好 16 76.00(66.25, 94.75) 4.28(3.36, 4.97) 2.61(1.72, 3.19) 3.00(2.19, 3.81) 3.00(2.13, 4.00) 注: 与非沪籍比较,aP<0.05;与大专以下组比较,bP<0.05;与外地医保组比较,cP<0.05;与家庭人均月收入5 000元以下组比较,dP<0.05;与劳动生产岗位组比较,eP<0.05;与居住条件不好组比较,fP<0.05;与30岁以下组比较,gP<0.05;与健康档案(否/不知道)组比较,hP<0.05。 表 2 变量赋值情况
Table 2. Variable assignments
变量 赋值方法 年龄 30岁及以下=0,31~40岁=1, 41~50岁=2, 51岁以上=3 户籍 非上海户籍=0,上海户籍=1 学历 大专以下学历=0,大专及以上学历=1 医疗费用来源 外地医保=(0, 0), 上海市医保=(1,0), 自费=(0, 1) 岗位 劳动生产岗位=(0, 0, 0, 0), 专业技术岗位=(1, 0, 0, 0),领导管理岗位=(0, 1, 0, 0),其他岗位=(0, 0, 1, 0),行政后勤岗位=(0, 0, 0, 1) 居住条件自评 居住条件不好=0, 居住条件好=1 健康档案 否或不知道=0, 有健康档案=1 家庭人均月收入 5 000元以下=0, 5 000~10 000元=1, 10 000元以上=2 健康知识获取渠道数量 1条=1,2条=2,3条=3,4条=4,5条=5,6条=6 健康素养总分 以实际值赋值 表 3 健康素养影响因素多重线性回归分析
Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of health literacy
变量 B SE β t值 P值 年龄 31~40岁 1.718 2.495 0.050 0.689 0.492 41~50岁 2.550 2.803 0.065 0.910 0.364 51岁以上 6.198 4.005 0.116 1.548 0.123 户籍所在地 上海 0.116 2.604 0.003 0.044 0.965 学历 专科及以上 0.091 4.058 0.002 0.022 0.982 医疗费用来源 上海市医保 7.217 5.278 0.116 1.367 0.172 自费 14.296 7.312 0.129 1.955 0.051 岗位类型 专业技术 3.093 3.017 0.088 1.025 0.306 领导管理 1.468 3.536 0.030 0.415 0.678 其他岗位 5.194 4.221 0.079 1.230 0.219 行政后勤 5.572 3.107 0.147 1.794 0.074 居住条件自评 好 13.391 4.306 0.168 3.110 0.002 健康档案 有 1.851 1.913 0.052 0.967 0.334 家庭人均月收入 10 000元以上 6.689 3.368 0.197 1.986 0.048 5 001~10 000元 4.456 3.392 0.125 1.314 0.190 健康知识获取渠道数量 2.522 0.701 0.199 3.599 <0.001 注:年龄以30岁及以下,户籍所在地以非上海,学历以大专以下,医疗费用来源以外地医保,岗位类型以劳动生产岗位,居住条件自评以不好,健康档案以否/不知道,家庭人均月收入以5 000元以下为参照。 -
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