Analysis of perception status and influencing factors of reproductive tract infections in women of childbearing age
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摘要:
目的 生殖道感染是威胁育龄期女性健康的常见问题，本研究旨在分析育龄期女性生殖道感染疾病感知水平现状及其影响因素，为制定分层精准的健康教育策略提供依据。 方法 选取2024年1—6月在嘉兴市第一医院妇科门诊就诊的204名育龄女性。使用一般资料调查表、简易疾病感知问卷(BIPQ)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查，分析育龄期女性对生殖道感染疾病认知的影响因素。 结果 204名育龄期女性生殖道感染BIPQ量表评分为(44.15±7.46)分。不同文化程度、职业、居住地、家庭收入、健康教育经历、知识获取途径、心理弹性及社会支持的女性感知评分差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，文化程度、职业、居住地、家庭收入、接受过生殖道感染健康教育、生殖道健康知识获取途径、心理弹性及社会支持均为育龄期女性生殖道感染疾病感知的影响因素(P＜0.05)。 结论 育龄期女性生殖道感染疾病感知水平有待提高，且受多重因素影响，需针对关键人群制定分层、精准的健康教育策略，以提升其自我保健能力。 Abstract:Objective Reproductive tract infection is a common issue threatening the health of women of childbearing age. This study aims to analyze the current status of the disease perception level of reproductive tract infection among women of childbearing age and its influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for formulating hierarchical and precise health education strategies. Methods A total of 204 women of childbearing age who visited the Gynecology Department of the First Hospital of Jiaxing from January 2024 to June 2024 were selected. The general information questionnaire, brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ), connor-davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), and social support rating scale (SSRS) were used to conduct the survey, and the influencing factors of reprodutive tract infection-related cognitive level among women of childbearing age were analyzed. Results The BIPQ score of reprodutive tract infection among the 204 women of childbearing age was (44.15±7.46) points. There were significant differences in the perception scores of women with different education levels, occupations, places of residence, family incomes, health education experiences, knowledge acquisition ways, psychological resilience, and social support (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, occupation, place of residence, family income, having received health education on reproductive tract infection, channels for acquiring reproductive health knowledge, psychological resilience, and social support were the influencing factors for the perception of reproductive tract infection among women of childbearing age (P < 0.05). Conclusion The disease perception level of reproductive tract infection among women of childbearing age needs to be improved, and it is affected by multiple factors. Hierarchical and precise health education strategies should be formulated for key populations to enhance their self-care ability. -
表 1 影响育龄期女性生殖道感染知识认知评分的单因素分析(x±s，分)
Table 1. Univariate analysis of factors influencing the knowledge score of reproductive tract infections in women of childbearing age(x±s, points)
项目 例数 知识认知评分 统计量 P值 年龄(岁) 1.604a 0.190 18~20 21 42.50±5.77 21~30 59 44.02±7.12 31~40 80 45.38±8.35 41~49 44 46.20±6.21 文化程度 6.200a 0.001 小学及以下 28 41.27±5.15 初中 45 42.51±6.54 高中/中专 62 44.35±7.88 大专及以上 69 47.56±5.27 职业 7.397a ＜0.001 农民 35 40.83±6.35 工人 48 43.24±5.63 职员 56 48.85±6.99 自由职业者 32 43.53±7.73 其他 33 44.79±6.44 居住地 5.192b ＜0.001 农村 72 42.35±7.40 城镇 132 47.27±5.11 家庭收入(元/月) 8.725a ＜0.001 ＜3 000 40 41.63±5.28 3 000~5 000 65 43.44±7.70 5 001~8 000 70 44.60±7.04 ＞8 000 29 49.86±6.35 接受过生殖道感染健康教育 5.005b ＜0.001 是 98 46.25±6.17 否 106 42.15±5.53 生殖道健康知识获取途径 9.286a ＜0.001 电视/广播 42 42.36±6.66 网络 48 44.53±7.00 书籍/报刊 35 43.26±5.85 医疗机构 59 46.72±7.25 亲友告知 20 41.57±6.39 心理弹性 23.267a ＜0.001 低水平 64 39.58±4.72 中水平 85 43.17±6.04 高水平 55 46.38±5.24 社会支持 20.256a ＜0.001 低水平 61 40.52±4.90 中水平 94 42.88±6.33 高水平 49 47.64±6.18 注：a为F值，b为t值。 
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表 2 变量赋值情况
Table 2. Variable assignment
变量 赋值方法 文化程度 小学及以下、初中=0，高中/中专、大专及以上=1 职业 农民、工人=0，职员、自由职业者、其他=1 居住地 农村=0，城镇=1 家庭收入 ≤5 000元/月=0，＞5 000元/月=1 接受过生殖道感染健康教育 否=0，是=1 生殖道健康知识获取途径 电视/广播、网络、书籍/报刊、亲友告知=0，医疗机构=1 心理弹性水平 低水平=0，中、高水平=1 社会支持度 低水平=0，中、高水平=1
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表 3 育龄期女性生殖道感染知识认知影响因素的多因素分析
Table 3. Multivariate Analysis of factors influencing the knowledge score of reproductive tract infections in women of childbearing age
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P值 OR(95% CI) 文化程度 0.570 0.152 21.933 ＜0.001 1.752(1.238~2.924) 职业 0.685 0.221 9.678 0.002 1.985(1.274~3.089) 居住地 1.233 0.298 10.053 ＜0.001 3.152(2.161~5.827) 家庭收入 0.962 0.216 6.342 0.006 2.714(1.657~3.841) 接受过生殖道感染健康教育 1.122 0.254 16.946 ＜0.001 3.751(1.874~4.507) 生殖道健康知识获取途径 1.344 0.272 13.652 ＜0.001 3.720(2.268~6.427) 心理弹性水平 1.412 0.553 6.533 0.011 4.106(1.390~12.129) 社会支持度 1.443 0.376 14.731 ＜0.001 4.233(2.026~8.844)
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