Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of health education demands of parents of children undergoing bronchoscopy
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摘要:
目的 本研究旨在探寻行支气管镜检查患儿家长健康教育需求现状，并分析其影响因素，为制定针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 按入院先后顺序选取2023年3月—2024年2月在河北省儿童医院接受支气管镜检查的200例患儿家长作为研究对象，采用问卷形式调查患儿家长的健康教育需求，总分前25%的家长分入需求较高组，其余家长分入需求一般及无需求组。以logistic回归模型分析影响家长健康教育需求的因素，以ROC曲线分析影响因素对家长健康教育需求现状的预测价值。 结果 200例患儿家长中53例(26.5%)对疾病知识和健康教育需求程度较高。家长年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭月收入等均是影响健康教育需求的因素(P＜0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示，家庭月收入、家长文化程度、职业、年龄、联合预测的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.715(95% CI：0.655~0.765)、0.783(95% CI：0.722~0.835)、0.727(95% CI：0.683~0.782)、0.661(95% CI：0.601~0.711)、0.878(95% CI：0.815~0.920)。170例(85.0%)患儿家长最期望健康教育知识获取途径为网络。需求较高组对术前准备、术中配合、术后护理及并发症预防方面的健康教育需求较高。 结论 医护人员应根据患儿家长的家庭月收入、文化程度、职业、年龄等情况，提供针对性的健康教育服务。 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore the current status of health education needs of parents of children undergoing bronchoscopy and analyze its influencing factors, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods According to the order of admission, 200 parents of children who underwent bronchoscopy examination at Hebei Children' s Hospital from March 2023 to February 2024 were selected as the research subjects. The health education needs of the parents of the children were investigated in the form of questionnaires. The parents with the top 25% total score were assigned to the group with higher needs, and the rest were assigned to the groups with average needs and no needs. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing parents' health education demands, and the ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the influencing factors for the current situation of parents' health education demands. Results Among the 200 parents of the children patients, 53 parents (26.5%) had a relatively high demand for disease knowledge and health education. Parents' age, educational level, occupation, and monthly family income are factors influencing the demand for health education (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of monthly household income, parents' educational level, occupation, age, and combined prediction were 0.715 (95% CI: 0.655-0.765), 0.783 (95% CI: 0.722-0.835), and 0.727 (95% CI: 0.683-0.782), 0.661 (95% CI: 0.601-0.711), 0.878 (95% CI: 0.815-0.920). The vast majority of parents (85.0%, n=170) preferred to obtain health education information online. The group with higher demands has a higher demand for health education in terms of preoperative preparation, intraoperative cooperation, postoperative care, and complication prevention. Conclusion Medical staff should provide targeted health education services based on the monthly family income, educational level, occupation, age, and other conditions of the parents of the child patients. -
表 1 2组支气管镜检查治疗患儿及家长临床资料比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical data between two groups of children and their parents who underwent bronchoscopy treatment
项目 需求较高组(n=53) 需求一般组及无需求组(n=147) 统计量 P值 家长性别[例(%)] 1.619a 0.203 男性 22(41.5) 76(51.7) 女性 31(58.5) 71(48.3) 家长年龄(x±s，岁) 35.15±4.99 37.28±5.63 2.569b 0.012 户籍[例(%)] 2.151a 0.142 城市 35(66.0) 80(54.4) 农村 18(44.0) 67(45.6) 家长文化程度[例(%)] 9.848c 0.007 初中及以下 9(17.0) 56(38.1) 高中/中专 11(20.7) 33(22.4) 大专及以上 33(62.3) 58(39.5) 职业[例(%)] 11.829a 0.019 企业职员 14(26.4) 39(26.5) 公务员 17(32.1) 25(17.0) 个体户 12(22.6) 21(14.3) 农民 5(9.4) 35(23.8) 无业 5(9.4) 27(18.4) 家庭月收入[例(%)] 11.103c 0.004 ＜5 000元/月 4(7.5) 22(15.0) 5 000~10 000元/月 9(17.0) 53(36.0) ＞10 000元/月 40(75.5) 72(49.0) 医疗费用支付形式[例(%)] 5.106c 0.078 全部报销 11(20.7) 15(10.2) 部分报销 36(67.9) 96(65.3) 自费 6(11.3) 36(24.5) 患儿年龄(x±s，岁) 8.70±3.01 8.06±2.95 1.312b 0.193 患儿性别[例(例)] 1.108a 0.277 男 32(60.4) 78(53.1) 女 21(39.6) 69(46.9) 患儿疾病类型[例(%)] 2.333a 0.506 呼吸系统发育异常或畸形 2(3.7) 5(3.4) 呼吸系统疾病 39(73.6) 121(82.3) 异物取出 9(17.0) 14(9.5) 其他情况 3(5.7) 7(4.8) 是否复治[例(%)] 1.021a 0.312 是 5(9.4) 8(5.4) 否 48(90.6) 139(94.6) 注：a为χ2值，b为t值，c为Z值。 
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表 2 各变量赋值情况
Table 2. Assignment of each variable
变量 名称 赋值方法 因变量 需求 需求较高组=1，需求一般及无需求组=2 自变量 家长年龄 连续变量，以实际值赋值 家长文化程度 初中及以下=1，高中/中专=2，大专及以上=3 职业 企业职员=(0, 0, 0)，公务员=(0, 0, 1)，个体户=(0, 1, 0)，农民/民工=(0, 1, 1)，无业=(1, 0, 0) 家庭月收入 < 5 000元/月=1，5 000~10 000元/月=2，>10 000元/月=3
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表 3 患儿家长健康教育需求影响因素的logistic回归分析
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of parents' health education needs for the patients
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P值 OR(95% CI) 家长年龄 -0.069 0.034 4.180 0.041 0.933(0.874~0.997) 家长文化程度 -1.382 0.460 9.014 0.003 0.251(0.102~0.619) 职业 -1.317 0.648 4.128 0.042 0.268(0.075~0.954) 家庭月收入 -1.239 0.441 7.894 0.005 0.290(0.122~0.687)
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表 4 影响因素对患儿家长健康教育需求的预测价值
Table 4. Predictive value of influencing Factors for the health education needs of parents of children patients
检验变量 AUC 95% CI SE P值 约登指数 灵敏度 特异度 家庭月收入 0.715 0.655~0.765 0.041 ＜0.001 0.412 0.609 0.803 家长文化程度 0.783 0.722~0.835 0.037 0.004 0.535 0.761 0.774 职业 0.727 0.683~0.782 0.033 0.015 0.401 0.573 0.808 家长年龄 0.661 0.601~0.711 0.046 0.032 0.352 0.522 0.830 联合预测 0.878 0.815~0.920 0.017 ＜0.001 0.707 0.903 0.804
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表 5 53名需求较高组患儿家长的健康教育需求情况
Table 5. The health education needs of 53 parents of children in the high-demand group
类别 例数(%) 术前准备的健康教育需求 45(84.9) 术中配合的健康教育需求 41(77.3) 术后护理及并发症预防的健康教育需求 47(88.7)
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表 6 200名患儿家长最期望的健康教育知识获取途径情况
Table 6. The most expected ways for 200 parents of the children patients to acquire health education knowledge
获取途径 例数(%) 网络 170(85.0) 电视 15(7.5) 知识讲座 9(4.5) 报纸/杂志 6(3.0)
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