上海市功能社区在职人群抑郁状况及影响因素研究

卢婷; 汤秀香; 秦丽; 张含之

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004454

上海市功能社区在职人群抑郁状况及影响因素研究

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004454

卢婷^{1, 2},
汤秀香²,
秦丽²,
张含之^{3, 4, ,}

1.
同济大学医学院临床医学系，上海 200092
2.
上海市嘉定区嘉定镇街道社区卫生服务中心，上海 201899
3.
同济大学附属杨浦医院全科医学科，上海 200090
4.
上海市全科医学与社区卫生发展研究中心，上海 200090

基金项目:

上海市杨浦区科技和经济委员会杨浦区卫生健康委员会科研项目 YPGWM202402

上海市嘉定区自然科学研究课题 JDKW-2023-0038

上海市杨浦区医学“高岭”学科群建设计划(登峰学科) 25YPGL301

详细信息

通讯作者:
张含之，E-mail：drchan001@163.com

中图分类号: R197.61
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-02

Study on depression status and influencing factors of working population in functional community of Shanghai

LU Ting^{1, 2},
TANG Xiuxiang²,
QIN Li²,
ZHANG Hanzhi^{3, 4
, ,}

1.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解上海市功能社区在职人群抑郁现状并分析其影响因素，为完善功能社区心理健康服务提供依据。方法 2024年9—11月在上海市12个区县采用典型抽样法抽取功能社区，采用整群随机抽样法在选中功能社区内抽取580例在职人群作为调查对象。采用自行编制的社会人口与经济学特征、健康及生活行为、工作情况问卷，患者健康调查问卷、中国版10项目大五人格量表、一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表和工作满意度指数量表进行网络问卷调查，了解功能社区在职人群的抑郁状况，采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨抑郁症状的影响因素。结果共计发放580份问卷，回收问卷570份，问卷回收率为98.28%。53.33%(304/570)的上海市功能社区在职人群有抑郁症状。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄(OR=0.429，95% CI: 0.207~0.888)、民族(OR=3.046，95% CI: 1.285~7.219)、慢性疾病患病情况(OR=0.506，95% CI: 0.275~0.933)、周末休息情况(OR=3.554，95% CI: 1.098~11.500)、自评工作环境(OR=0.064，95% CI: 0.005~0.760；OR=0.011，95% CI: 0.001~0.166)、尽责性人格(OR=0.767，95% CI: 0.667~0.882)、情绪稳定性人格(OR=0.766，95% CI: 0.668~0.878)是影响功能社区在职人群抑郁症状的主要因素(P＜0.05)。结论上海市功能社区在职人群的抑郁症状检出率较高，尽责性、情绪稳定性人格对抑郁症状有显著的负向影响。社区医务工作者应提高对功能社区在职人群心理健康的重视程度，并根据其人格特质制订相应的心理干预方案，提升功能社区在职人群的心理健康水平。
- 上海市 /
- 功能社区 /
- 在职人群 /
- 抑郁 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of depression among the working population in functional communities in Shanghai and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide a basis for improving mental health services in functional communities. Methods The typical sampling method was used to select functional communities in 12 districts and counties of Shanghai, and the cluster random sampling method was used to select 580 working people in the selected functional communities from September to November in 2024. The self-developed questionnaires of socio demographic and economic characteristics, health and life behavior, and work conditions, patient health questionnaire, ten-item personality inventory Chinese version, general self-efficacy scale, perceived social support scale, and overall job satisfaction were used to conduct an online questionnaire survey to understand the depression status of working people in functional communities, and the influencing factors of depressive symptoms were explored by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 580 questionnaires were distributed, and 570 questionnaires were returned, with a recovery rate of 98.28%. Among the working population in functional communities in Shanghai, 53.33% (304/570) had depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=0.429, 95% CI: 0.207-0.888), nationality (OR=3.046, 95% CI: 1.285-7.219), prevalence of chronic diseases (OR=0.506, 95% CI: 0.275-0.933), weekend rest (OR=3.554, 95% CI: 1.098-11.500), self-rated working environment (OR=0.064, 95% CI: 0.005-0.760; OR=0.011, 95% CI: 0.001-0.166), conscientious personality (OR=0.767, 95% CI: 0.667-0.882), emotional stability personality (OR=0.766, 95% CI: 0.668-0.878) were the main factors affecting the depressive symptoms of the working population in functional communities (P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms among the in-service population in functional communities in Shanghai is high. Conscientiousness and emotional stability personality have a significant negative impact on depressive symptoms. Community medical workers should pay more attention to the mental health of the in-service population in functional communities, and formulate corresponding psychological intervention programs according to their personality traits, and improve the mental health level of the in-service population in functional communities.
- Shanghai /
- Functional community /
- Working population /
- Depression /
- Influencing factors
利益冲突 无

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表 1 不同社会人口与经济学特征、健康及生活行为功能社区在职人群抑郁症状比较[例(%)]

Table 1. Comparison of depressive symptoms among employed populations in functional communities by sociodemographic, economic, health, and lifestyle characteristics [cases (%)]

项目	例数(%)	抑郁症状存在情况		χ²值	P值
项目	例数(%)	有(n=304)	无(n=266)	χ²值	P值
社会人口与经济学特征		有(n=304)	无(n=266)
年龄(岁)				9.224	0.010
18~29	206(36.1)	124(40.8)	82(30.8)
30~39	266(46.7)	139(45.7)	127(47.7)
40~60	98(17.2)	41(13.5)	57(21.4)
民族				3.927	0.048
汉族	535(93.9)	291(95.7)	244(91.7)
少数民族	35(6.1)	13(4.3)	22(8.3)
婚姻状况				4.768	0.029
有配偶	361(63.3)	180(59.2)	181(68.0)
无配偶	209(36.7)	124(40.8)	85(32.0)
健康及生活行为
慢性病患病情况				7.208	0.007
无	476(83.5)	242(79.6)	234(88.0)
有	94(16.5)	62(20.4)	32(12.0)
自评健康状况				16.833	＜0.001
好	412(72.3)	198(65.1)	214(80.5)
一般	140(24.6)	93(30.6)	47(17.7)
差	18(3.2)	13(4.3)	5(1.9)
过去2周慢性病急性发作或急性病情况				10.031	0.002
无	548(96.1)	285(93.8)	263(98.9)
有	22(3.9)	19(6.3)	3(1.1)
三餐饮食情况				13.335	＜0.001
规律	441(77.4)	217(71.4)	224(84.2)
不规律	129(22.6)	87(28.6)	42(15.8)
睡眠时长(h)				11.514	0.003
＜6	79(13.9)	54(17.8)	25(9.4)
6~8	429(75.3)	225(74.0)	204(76.7)
>8	62(10.9)	25(8.2)	37(13.9)
注：本表仅列出差异有统计学意义的结果。

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表 2 不同工作情况功能社区在职人群抑郁症状比较[例(%)]

Table 2. Comparison of depressive symptoms among employed populations in functional communities by work-related characteristics [cases (%)]

项目	例数(%)	抑郁症状存在情况		χ²值	P值
项目	例数(%)	有(n=304)	无(n=266)	χ²值	P值
周末休息情况				13.575	0.009
双休	314(55.1)	167(54.9)	147(55.3)
单休	99(17.4)	56(18.4)	43(16.2)
单双休循环	33(5.8)	8(2.6)	25(9.4)
不固定休	96(16.8)	58(19.1)	38(14.3)
周末几乎无休	28(4.9)	15(4.9)	13(4.9)
加班频率				7.214	0.027
不加班	181(31.8)	85(28.0)	96(36.1)
1~2次/周	219(38.4)	115(37.8)	104(39.1)
≥3次/周	170(29.8)	104(34.2)	66(24.8)
自评工作压力				23.636	＜0.001
非常大	64(11.2)	43(14.1)	21(7.9)
较大	217(38.1)	130(42.8)	87(32.7)
一般	215(37.7)	107(35.2)	108(40.6)
较小	43(7.5)	12(3.9)	31(11.7)
没有	31(5.4)	12(3.9)	19(7.1)
自评工作环境				12.586	0.013
非常好	85(14.9)	43(14.1)	42(15.8)
较好	240(42.1)	119(39.1)	121(45.5)
一般	210(36.8)	123(40.5)	87(32.7)
较差	24(4.2)	9(3.0)	15(5.6)
非常差	11(1.9)	10(3.3)	1(0.4)
自评职业地位				14.156	0.007
非常高	42(7.4)	25(8.2)	17(6.4)
较高	121(21.2)	47(15.5)	74(27.8)
一般	321(56.3)	179(58.9)	142(53.4)
较低	63(11.1)	38(12.5)	25(9.4)
非常低	23(4.0)	15(4.9)	8(3.0)
注：本表仅列出差异有统计学意义的结果。

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表 3 不同抑郁症状功能社区在职人群各量表评分比较(x ±s，分)

Table 3. Comparison of scale scores among employed populations in functional communities with different depressive symptom levels (x ±s, points)

组别	例数	大五人格						领悟社会支持
组别	例数	外向性人格	宜人性人格	尽责性人格	情绪稳定性人格	开放性人格	总分	家庭支持维度	朋友支持维度	其他支持维度
有抑郁症状	304	8.5±2.2	9.3±1.9	8.9±1.8	8.4±1.9	8.7±1.7	57.5±12.9	19.4±4.7	19.1±4.5	19.0±4.6
无抑郁症状	266	9.3±2.4	10.0±2.1	10.2±2.1	9.7±2.1	9.4±2.0	61.2±15.9	20.8±5.8	20.3±5.3	20.1±5.4
t值		4.540	4.123	7.875	8.096	4.490	3.009	3.015	3.015	2.629
P值		＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	＜0.001	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.009
注：本表仅列出差异有统计学意义的结果。

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表 4 功能社区在职人群抑郁症状影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析

Table 4. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors for depressive symptoms in the employed population of functional communities

变量	B	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR值	95% CI
年龄40~60岁	-0.846	0.371	5.194	0.023	0.429	0.207~0.888
汉族	1.114	0.440	6.402	0.011	3.046	1.285~7.219
无慢性病患病	-0.680	0.312	4.766	0.029	0.506	0.275~0.933
周末单休	1.268	0.599	4.479	0.034	3.554	1.098~11.500
自评工作环境			18.064	0.001
一般	-2.743	1.260	4.741	0.029	0.064	0.005~0.760
较差	-4.488	1.375	10.657	0.001	0.011	0.001~0.166
尽责性人格	-0.265	0.071	13.797	＜0.001	0.767	0.667~0.882
情绪稳定性人格	-0.267	0.070	14.604	＜0.001	0.766	0.668~0.878
注：本表仅列出差异有统计学意义的变量。年龄以18~29岁为参照，民族以少数民族为参照，慢性病患病情况以有为参照，周末休息情况以周末几乎无休为参照，自评工作环境以非常差为参照。自变量赋值如下，年龄18~29岁=0，30~39岁=1，40~60岁=2；汉族=1，少数民族=0；慢性疾病患病情况，有=1，无=0；周末休息情况，双休=(1, 0, 0, 0)，单休=(0, 1, 0, 0)，单双休循环=(0, 0, 1, 0)，不固定休=(0, 0, 0, 1)，周末几乎无休=(0, 0, 0, 0)；自评工作环境，非常好=4，较好=3，一般=2，较差=1，非常差=0；尽责性人格、情绪稳定性人格为连续性变量，以实际值赋值。

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