妊娠晚期妇女分娩恐惧潜在剖面分析及相关影响因素研究

黄灿; 朱敏丽; 宇丽

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004535

妊娠晚期妇女分娩恐惧潜在剖面分析及相关影响因素研究

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004535

黄灿^{1, 2},
朱敏丽³,
宇丽^4, ,

1.
安徽医科大学护理学院，安徽合肥 230032
2.
萧县人民医院新生儿科，安徽宿州 235200
3.
蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院护理部，安徽蚌埠 233004
4.
安徽医科大学第一附属医院护理部，安徽合肥 230032

基金项目:

安徽省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目 SK2021A0436

详细信息

通讯作者:
宇丽，E-mail：23239011@qq.com

中图分类号: R714.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-25
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-10

Latent profile analysis and factors influencing fear of childbirth in late-pregnancy women

HUANG Can^{1, 2},
ZHU Minli³,
YU Li^{4
, ,}

1.
School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China

摘要

摘要: 目的基于潜在剖面分析（latent profile analysis，LPA）探讨妊娠晚期妇女分娩恐惧的潜在类别并进行相关影响因素分析，以期为分娩恐惧管理及实施个体化的心理干预提供理论依据。方法采用便利抽样法选取2024年12月—2025年3月在萧县人民医院就诊的妊娠晚期妇女，采用一般资料调查表、分娩恐惧量表、心盛量表及家庭复原力量表调查其一般资料、分娩恐惧、心盛及家庭复原力水平。应用Mplus软件对分娩恐惧进行剖面分析并选取最佳潜在剖面类别，应用多元logistic回归分析探讨不同潜在类别分娩恐惧的影响因素。结果妊娠晚期妇女分娩恐惧可分为3个潜在类别，分别为重度分娩恐惧组（77例，38.3%）、中度分娩恐惧组（86例，42.8%）和分娩恐惧不显著组（38例，18.9%）。3组家庭月收入、妊娠课程参加、孕期知识了解度、新生儿照护帮扶、心盛水平及家庭复原力差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。其中，孕期知识了解程度是中度分娩恐惧组的独立影响因素；心盛水平、家庭复原力、家庭月收入是重度分娩恐惧组的独立影响因素。结论妊娠晚期妇女分娩恐惧可分为3个潜在剖面类别，医护人员可根据不同人群特征预测分组并制定干预策略，以改善分娩恐惧。
- 妊娠晚期妇女 /
- 分娩恐惧 /
- 心盛量表 /
- 家庭复原力量表 /
- 潜在剖面分析
Abstract: Objective Employing latent profile analysis (LPA), this study investigated the latent subpopulations of childbirth fear among women in late pregnancy and examined their associated determinants, with the objective of furnishing a theoretical foundation for targeted fear management and the delivery of personalized psychological interventions. Methods A convenience sample of late-pregnancy women attending Xiaoxian People's Hospital in Suzhou, Anhui Province, from December 2024 to March 2025 was recruited. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the fear of childbirth scale, the flourishing scale, and the family resilience scale to assess demographics, childbirth fear, flourishing, and family resilience levels. Mplus software was used to perform LPA on childbirth fear scores and select the best-fitting latent profile model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the factors influencing childbirth fear across the identified subgroups. Results Childbirth fear among late-pregnancy women was classified into three distinct latent profiles: the severe childbirth fear group (77, 38.3%), the moderate childbirth fear group (86, 42.8%), and the insignificant childbirth fear group (38, 18.9%). Significant differences were observed among the three profiles with respect to monthly family income, participation in prenatal classes, level of prenatal knowledge, availability of newborn care support, flourishing level, and family resilience (P < 0.05). Level of prenatal knowledge was independently associated with the moderate childbirth fear group. Flourishing level, family resilience, and monthly family income were independently associated with the severe childbirth fear group. Conclusion Childbirth fear in late-pregnancy women can be categorized into three latent profiles. Healthcare professionals can utilize population characteristics to predict group membership and develop tailored intervention strategies to mitigate childbirth fear.
- Late-pregnancy women /
- Fear of childbirth /
- Flourishing scale /
- Family resilience scale /
- Latent profile analysis

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图 1 妊娠晚期妇女分娩恐惧3个潜在剖面的特征分布

Figure 1. Characteristics distribution across three latent profiles of childbirth fear in third-trimester pregnant women

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表 1 妊娠晚期妇女分娩恐惧潜在剖面类别命名及特点

Table 1. Nomenclature and characteristics of latent profile classes for childbirth fear among third-trimester pregnant women

class	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LMR(P)	BLRT(P)	类别概率(%)
class 1	3 954.256	3 980.683	3 955.337
class 2	3 427.598	3 470.541	3 429.355	0.948	＜0.001	＜0.001	0.587/0.413
class 3	3 284.171	3 343.631	3 286.604	0.905	0.002	＜0.001	0.428/0.376/0.196
class 4	3 172.859	3 248.835	3 175.967	0.918	0.217	＜0.001	0.169/0.423/0.274/0.134

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表 2 不同分娩恐惧潜在剖面类别妊娠晚期妇女一般资料单因素分析

Table 2. Single-factor analysis of general data of pregnant women with different latent profiles of fear of childbirth in the late stage of pregnancy

项目	例数	中度分娩恐惧组(n=86)	重度分娩恐惧组(n=77)	分娩恐惧不显著组(n=38)	统计量	P值
年龄					6.967^a	0.138
＜20岁	6(3.0)	3(1.5)	3(1.5)	0
20~25岁	38(18.9)	15(7.5)	15(7.5)	8(4.9)
＞25~30岁	78(38.8)	30(14.9)	33(16.4)	15(7.5)
＞30~35岁	63(31.3)	27(13.4)	21(10.4)	15(7.5)
＞35岁	16(8.0)	11(5.5)	5(2.5)	0
孕前检查					3.481^b	0.175
有	142(70.6)	56(27.9)	55(27.4)	31(15.4)
无	59(29.4)	30(14.9)	22(10.9)	7(3.5)
孕检胎儿异常					1.153^b	0.562
是	124(61.7)	50(24.9)	51(25.4)	23(11.4)
否	77(38.3)	36(17.9)	26(12.9)	15(7.5)
既往疾病史					2.819^b	0.244
是	18(9.0)	7(3.54)	5(2.5)	6(3.0)
否	183(91.0)	79(39.3)	72(35.8)	32(15.9)
流产次数					0.864^a	0.649
无	124(61.7)	52(25.9)	56(27.9)	16(8.0)
1次	49(24.4)	22(10.9)	13(6.5)	14(7.0)
≥2次	28(13.9)	12(6.0)	8(4.0)	8(4.0)
家庭月收入满意					6.947^b	0.031
是	161(80.1)	68(33.8)	57(28.4)	36(17.9)
否	40(19.9)	18(9.0)	20(10.0)	2(1.0)
妊娠课程参加					6.254^b	0.044
是	36(17.9)	14(7.0)	10(5.0)	12(6.0)
否	165(82.1)	72(35.8)	67(33.3)	26(12.9)
孕期知识了解度					7.219^a	0.027
非常了解	28(13.9)	8(4.0)	8(4.0)	12(6.0)
部分了解	167(83.1)	75(37.3)	67(33.3)	25(12.4)
不了解	6(3.0)	3(1.5)	2(1.0)	1(0.5)
新生儿照护帮扶					8.070^b	0.018
是	178(88.6)	81(40.3)	62(30.8)	35(17.4)
否	23(11.4)	5(2.5)	15(7.5)	3(1.5)
不良妊娠接触史					0.419^b	0.811
是	21(10.4)	8(4.0)	8(4.0)	5(2.5)
否	180(89.6)	78(38.8)	69(34.3)	33(16.4)
教育程度					3.509^a	0.320
小学	5(2.5)	1(0.5)	2(1.0)	2(1.0)
初高中	114(56.7)	48(23.9)	41(20.4)	25(12.4)
大学	81(40.3)	36(17.9)	34(16.9)	11(5.5)
研究生及以上	1(0.5)	1(0.5)	0	0
居住地					1.129^b	0.569
农村	121(60.2)	53(26.4)	48(23.9)	20(10.0)
城市	80(39.8)	33(16.4)	29(14.4)	18(9.0)
心盛(x±s, 分)	201(100.0)	45.35±9.25	42.81±10.44	49.18±10.75	5.213^c	0.006
家庭复原力(x±s, 分)	201(100.0)	157.60±35.17	169.26±31.68	173.71±53.77	3.056^c	0.045
注：^a为H值，^b为χ²值，^c为F值。其余计数资料均以[例(%)]表示。

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表 3 自变量赋值情况

Table 3. Definition and coding of independent variables

变量	赋值方法
分娩恐惧LPA分级	中度分娩恐惧组=1，重度分娩恐惧组=2，分娩恐惧不显著组=3
家庭月收入满意	否=0，是=1
参加妊娠课程	否=0，是=1
孕期知识了解	不了解=1，部分了解=2，非常了解=3
新生儿照护帮扶	否=0，是=1
心盛	以实际值赋值
家庭复原力	以实际值赋值

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表 4 妊娠晚期妇女分娩恐惧潜在剖面类别影响因素的多元logistic回归模型

Table 4. Multivariate logistic regression model for the influencing factors of potential fear of childbirth in pregnant women during the late stage of pregnancy

项目	中度分娩恐惧组			重度分娩恐惧组
项目	B	OR(95% CI)	P值	B	OR(95% CI)	P值
心盛	-0.019	0.981(0.927~1.039)	0.516	-0.091	0.913(0.856~0.977)	0.007
家庭复原力	-0.007	0.993(0.981~1.005)	0.230	-0.019	1.019(1.003~1.035)	0.023
不满意家庭月收入	1.326	3.766(0.777~18.259)	0.100	1.611	5.008(1.015~24.708)	0.048
不参加妊娠课程	0.420	1.522(0.567~4.088)	0.405	0.845	2.327(0.795~6.809)	0.123
无新生儿照护帮扶	-1.054	0.349(0.071~1.721)	0.196	0.487	1.628(0.376~7.040)	0.514
孕期知识了解程度
不了解	1.278	3.588(0.270~47.735)	0.333	1.051	2.859(0.177~46.134)	0.459
部分了解	1.356	3.880(1.295~11.630)	0.015	0.866	2.377(0.778~7.261)	0.129
注：孕期知识了解程度以非常了解孕期知识为参照组。

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