Analysis of the antidepressant effect of EEG biofeedback therapy combined with relaxation therapy in patients with major depressive disorder
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摘要:
目的 分析脑电生物反馈治疗联合松弛治疗在重度抑郁症患者中的抗抑郁效果及安全性，分析其对患者自杀风险及脑电波波幅的影响。 方法 采用回顾性研究方法，选取温州医科大学附属第二医院2023年12月—2025年11月182例重度抑郁症患者作为研究对象，2023年12月—2024年10月行脑电生物反馈治疗的90例患者为对照组，2024年11月—2025年11月应用联合松弛治疗的92例患者为观察组。比较2组患者临床效果、抑郁及焦虑情绪、自杀风险、脑电波波幅及不良反应发生情况。 结果 观察组治疗总有效率为92.4%（85/92），高于对照组[82.2%（74/90）]，差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.261，P=0.039）；治疗后，观察组24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-24）评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及精神心理科自杀风险因素评估表得分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组α波高于对照组，且δ波、θ波频率低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 脑电生物反馈治疗联合松弛治疗对重度抑郁症患者的抗抑郁效果良好，安全性较高，可有效缓解患者焦虑及抑郁情绪，降低患者自杀意念，且对患者脑电波有积极影响。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the antidepressant effects and safety of EEG biofeedback therapy combined with relaxation therapy in patients with major depressive disorder, and to examine its impact on suicide risk and EEG wave amplitude. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, selecting 182 patients with major depressive disorder from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, between December 2023 and November 2025. The patients were divided into two groups based on different treatment methods: the control group (90 patients) who received EEG biofeedback therapy from December 2023 to October 2024, and the observation group (92 patients) who received EEG biofeedback therapy combined with relaxation therapy from November 2024 to November 2025. The clinical outcomes, depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, EEG wave amplitude, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.4% (85/92), which was higher than the [82.2% (74/90)] of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.261, P=0.039); After treatment, the 24 Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24) scores, Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA), and psychiatric and psychological suicide risk assessment scale score in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); The observation group exhibited higher αwave power and lower δand θwave power compared to the control group (P < 0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The combination of EEG biofeedback therapy and relaxation therapy has a good antidepressant effect and high safety in patients with severe depression. It can effectively alleviate patients' anxiety and depression, reduce suicidal ideation, and have a positive impact on patients' EEG waves. -
Key words:
- Severe depression /
- EEG biofeedback therapy /
- Relaxation therapy /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Suicidal ideation
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表 1 2组抑郁症患者一般资料比较
Table 1. Comparison of general information between the two groups of patients with depression
项目 类别 对照组(n=90) 观察组(n=92) 统计量 P值 性别(例) 男性 30 38 1.235a 0.266 女性 60 54 年龄(x±s，岁) 40.23±4.61 39.74±5.17 0.674b 0.501 首次发病年龄(x±s，岁) 33.28±3.46 32.92±3.27 0.722b 0.472 发病次数(x±s，次) 2.26±0.48 2.30±0.45 0.580b 0.563 文化程度(例) 初中及以下 20 21 0.223c 0.894 中专/高中 24 27 大专及以上 46 44 婚姻状况(例) 已婚 49 53 0.593a 0.744 未婚 10 12 离异/其他 31 27 注：a为χ2值，b为t值，c为Z值。 
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表 2 2组抑郁症患者治疗总有效率比较[例(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of the total effective rate of treatment between the two groups of patients with depression [cases (%)]
组别 例数 痊愈 显效 有效 无效 总有效 对照组 90 14(15.6) 38(42.2) 22(24.4) 16(17.8) 74(82.2) 观察组 92 21(22.8) 47(51.1) 17(18.5) 7(7.6) 85(92.4) 注：2组治疗总有效率比较，χ2=4.261，P=0.039。
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表 3 2组抑郁症患者抑郁、焦虑情绪及自杀风险比较(x±s，分)
Table 3. Comparison of depression, anxiety, and suicide risk between the two groups of patients with depression (x±s, points)
组别 例数 HAMD-24评分 HAMA评分 自杀风险量表 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 对照组 90 37.16±1.23 18.46±3.41b 29.27±2.43 15.64±2.80b 9.56±1.17 7.06±1.02b 观察组 92 37.04±0.97 13.12±2.86b 28.95±2.28 10.69±1.71b 9.64±1.22 5.75±0.69b 统计量 0.732a 257.378c 0.916a 408.323c 0.451a 202.777c P值 0.465 ＜0.001 0.361 ＜0.001 0.652 ＜0.001 注：a为t值，c为F值；与同组干预前比较，bP＜0.05。
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表 4 2组抑郁症患者脑电波频率比较(x±s，Hz)
Table 4. Comparison of EEG frequencies between the two groups of patients with depression (x±s, Hz)
组别 例数 α波 δ波 θ波 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 对照组 90 7.81±1.16 8.84±0.53b 5.91±0.77 4.13±0.39b 9.05±0.87 7.17±1.24b 观察组 92 7.75±1.23 10.96±0.70b 5.88±0.62 3.46±0.28b 9.10±0.94 5.52±1.01b 统计量 0.338a 476.942c 0.290a 243.391c 0.372a 226.472c P值 0.735 ＜0.001 0.772 ＜0.001 0.710 ＜0.001 注：a为t值，c为F值；与同组干预前比较，bP＜0.05。
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