Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic and open nephrectomy on the treatment of localized renal cancer. Methods From February,2013 to February,2014,79 cases of localized renal cell carcinoma were collected in the department of urology,first affiliated hospital of bengbu medical college.Clinical stage were Ⅰ and Ⅱ.After the laparoscopic group of 42 cases,28 cases of male,female 14 cases.Tumors located in the left side of the 14 cases,28 cases on right side.Open surgery group of 37 cases,25 cases of male,female 12 cases.Open surgery group of 37 cases,25 cases of male,female 12 cases.Tumors located in the left side of the 13 cases,24 cases on right side.Compare two groups patients,general information,operation time,Postoperative bed time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative blood laboratory index changes,length of hospital stay,etc.Laboratory parameters was obtained by detecting peripheral venous blood.Data using SPSS 19.0 analysis software.The measurement data were expressed by mean plus or minus standard deviation(x±s),t test with two independent samples was used for analysis.P<0.05 difference was statistically significant. Results There was no difference between the 2 groups in the basic situation,the maximum diameter of the tumor,the tumor location and urea nitrogen(P>0.05) in third days after surgery.The postoperative follow-up period was 12-24 months.There were no tumor recurrence,incision implantation and distant metastasis in the 2 groups. Conclusion In the treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma,retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy compared with open radical nephrectomy has advantages such as less trauma,faster recovery,less bleeding,less operation time and reduce postoperative complications.