The clinical spectrum of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen that threats human health. People of all ages could be infected by the bacterium, especially the children under 5 years old and the olds over 65 years old, as well as those with the underlying disease. It causes non-invasive infection such as otitis media. Furthermore, it causes invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), such as bacteremia.Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common etiologic agent of pneumonia with bacteremia, pyothorax and meningitis, is also responsible for a remarkable array of unusual and uncommon clinical manifestations. The researchers had reviewed 95 different types of unusual pneumococcal infections representing 2 064 cases. In recent years, some new forms of performance or underlying diseases are reported in the literature. Streptococcus pneumoniae can invade all the tissues and organs, and there are various types of clinical infection. The different types of infection may occur at the same time or in sequence. Most of the rare IPD types reported in the literature were not examined and reported in domestic cases. These suggested that there has been insufficient attention given to etiology detection in domestic clinical practice, or the clinical type of streptococcus pneumoniae infection may be confined to the definite diagnosis, ignoring other types that exist at the same time. Maybe, there is also lack of knowledge about whether streptococcus pneumoniae could cause the corresponding infection or not. In this paper, we summarized the clinical infection types of streptococcus pneumoniae in the literature, especially the IPD case report including endophthalmitis, lacrimal abscess, pericarditis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, acute necrotizing fasciitis. Austrian syndrome and hemophagocytic syndrome. It is hoped that clinicians pay close attention to streptococcus pneumoniae infection, especially the diagnosis and treatment of IPD, and the relevant research will be carried out. This could provide systematic and comprehensive evidence for the prevention and treatment of streptococcus pneumoniae infection in our country in the future.