Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by high airway reactivity. Eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells can secrete inflammatory cytokines to induce inflammatory responses, mediate the destruction of surrounding tissues, and induce high secretion of airway mucus to increase airway hyperresponsiveness. Fibroblasts stimulate chronic airway inflammation for a long time, which leads to narrow lumen and high airway reactivity. The role of epithelial cells in regulating airway smooth muscle tone stimulates the flow of inflammatory cells and secretes a large number of inflammatory and nutrient mediators during injury and inflammatory stimulation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can rapidly differentiate and repair damaged lung cells and improve airway inflammation in asthma. Micrornas(miRNAs) are widely involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, transporter regulation, and progression and metastasis of a variety of diseases. Exosomes have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory diseases. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles, widely distributed in the secretion of saliva, blood, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, contains many proteins, DNA, mRNA, miRNAs and lipid. Exosomes can inflammation, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, regulate the body's immune response, transportation, nucleic acid involved in intercellular communication etc. Different cells can secrete exosomes containing specific inclusions and can participate in intercellular substance transfer and signal transduction. In recent years, it has been gradually recognized that exosomes from different cell sources and their related miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this paper, the studies on the pathogenesis of asthma of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs from different cell sources above were reviewed, providing new targets for the prevention and treatment of asthma.
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