Volume 24 Issue 2
Feb.  2026
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Article Navigation >  Chinese Journal of General Practice  > 2026  >  24(2): 314-317
SUN Junsheng, WU Jingshen, HUANG Weixin, LIU Xu, REN Jingjing, YAO Dingye. Patient-centered diagnostic and therapeutic framework for bitter taste in general practice[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2026, 24(2): 314-317. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004387
Citation: SUN Junsheng, WU Jingshen, HUANG Weixin, LIU Xu, REN Jingjing, YAO Dingye. Patient-centered diagnostic and therapeutic framework for bitter taste in general practice[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2026, 24(2): 314-317. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004387
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Patient-centered diagnostic and therapeutic framework for bitter taste in general practice

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004387
  • 1.

    Shenzhen Clinical College of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China

Funds:

 72274169

 粤教高函〔2023〕4号

 粤教高函〔2024〕30号

 广中医校办[2024]278号

 2024-2027

  • Received Date: 2025-04-16
    Available Online: 2026-04-11
    Abstract
  •   Objective  To develop a patient-centered diagnostic and therapeutic strategy and practice framework for bitter taste, with the aim of providing general practitioners with a standardized approach for diagnosis.  Methods  A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the classification and etiology of bitter taste in the mouth. This review integrated the understanding from both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. The SOAP documentation method, was employed in combination with the RAPRIOP management model, which was developed for primary care. This resulted in the exploration of multidisciplinary collaborative diagnostic and treatment pathways.  Results  Bitter taste in the mouth is classified into transient and persistent types based on clinical characteristics, and into organic and non-organic types based on etiology. In clinical practice, bio-psycho-social multi-dimensional information is integrated using the SOAP documentation method. Subjective data (S) are obtained through the collection of a patient ' s biological history, combined with the BATHE interview method. Objective data (O) are acquired via a combination of focused and systematic physical examinations, ancillary tests, and scale assessments. Etiology acute/critical conditions, and severity are comprehensively evaluated (A); and a plan (P) is developed using the RAPRIOP management model, encompassing seven elements: rebuilding confidence, recommendations, prescriptions, referrals, examinations, observation, and prevention. Moreover, a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment model centered on general practice, supported by specialty collaboration, and characterized by the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine is constructed. This is complemented by a three-tier prevention system, forming a systematic diagnostic and treatment framework.  Conclusion  The SOAP documentation method systematically integrates bio-psycho-social multi-dimensional information, providing structured support for the precise assessment of bitter taste in the mouth; the RAPRIOP management model can orderly implement full-process intervention measures.

     

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