Advances in new approaches for the immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is a kind of disease of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow immature aggregation,continuous amplification and suppression of hematopoiesis.Its core treatment in recent 30 years remained unchanged,but the survival rate and the prognosis of the disease is still not ideal.However,current research on the immune mechanism of the immune therapy has been perfected,so the immune therapy may be an effective solution in the treatment of AML,provides a new weapon for the prognosis and the survival rate of the disease.The protocols for immunotherapy include allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,targeted therapies(gene engineered T cells,monoclonal antibodies,etc.),killing tumor cells through different mechanisms.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,as the most effective treatment for AML can effectively prevent the recurrence of AML by immune mediated graft versus leukemia effect and eradicate leukemic cells.Advances in transplantation and haploidentical transplantation have enabled everyone to have a stem cell transplant.Targeted therapy,such as genetically engineered T cells(T cells,chimeric antigen receptor) monoclonal antibody,novel bispecific monoclonal antibody can specifically kill specific antigen expression of leukemia cells without harming normal cells will become a new strategy for AML immunotherapy.Other therapies,such as natural killer cells and NK cells,are safe and effective in reducing the risk of AML recurrence.In addition,increasing NK cell activity may be the best treatment for leukemia in the future.Although some programs are still in the study stage,immunotherapy will be an important treatment for AML in the future.This paper will review the current research progress of AML immunotherapy and related molecular mechanism.